مها صلاح رزاق النفاخ

Background: Midwifery plays an essential role in providing safe and effective care to women during labor (the second and third stage of labor). Midwifery care is associated with a variety of positive outcomes for mother and child. However, midwives also face many challenges, including a lack of human resources and dealing with complex deliveries. More needs to be done to support midwives and ensure all women have access to high-quality midwifery care. Objective: this study aimed to evaluate midwifery care during stages of labor (the second and third) and determine the relationship between nurses' performance with their socio demographic data. Methodology: A descriptive design, cross-sectional study was carried out in Al-Najaf Health Directorate/Al Zahraa and Al-Hakeem Teachings Hospitals; the study was conducted from March 20th, 2024 to June 25th, 2024. A non-probability (purposive sample) of 68 midwives'. Results and findings: The study results expose that there is a statistical significant relationship between midwives' knowledge during the second and third stages of labor with age and years of experience. Conclusion: The overall assessment of midwives’ knowledge about second and third stages of labour was fairly adequate. Concerning midwives' practices during the stages of labor, the study illustrates that the majority of them do not apply appropriate. Keywords: Midwifery, Performance, Second and third stage, Labor

ABSTRACT Background: Midwives are essential in providing effective and safe care to women during labor. Midwifery care is associated with a variety of positive outcomes for mother and child. However, midwives also face many challenges, including a lack of human resources and dealing with complex deliveries. Objective: Assess the effectiveness of an educational program in improving the performance of midwives in intrapartum care in the delivery room. Methodology: A quasi-experimental design was carried in Al-Najaf Health Directorate/Al-Zahra and Al Hakeem Teachings Hospitals; the study was conducted from March 20th , 2024 to June 25th, 2024. A purposive sample consisted of 70 midwives, 35 midwives who were exposed to the educational program sessions were considered as a study group, and 35 midwives considered as the control group and who were not exposed to the program. Conclusion and Recommendation: The majority of the studied sample had moderate performance in the pre test, whereas there was an improvement in midwives' performance after exposure to program sessions for the study group. The study emphasizes the need for ongoing education and training sessions to maintain and further enhance midwives' skills in this critical area of obstetric care. Keywords: Instructional Program, Midwives, Performance, Intrapartum Care

Background: World Health Organization defines the menopause as the end of the menstruation because of the loss of over activity. Menopause is a natural and an unavoidable event, which affects all women. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive to identify level of awareness of women regarding menopause mediated problems, the period of the study is from December, 1st, 2018 to May, 14th , 2019. The study aims to identify level of awareness of women regarding menopause mediated problems and to find out relationship between awareness of women regarding menopause mediated problems and demographic data. A non-probability (Purposive sample) sample of one hundred (100) women who are attended primary health centers at Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf Health Directorate. The data collection is done by constructing questionnaire by the interview technique with each women, by using the Arabic questionnaire version, and it is consist of three parts: Part 1 Included Socio-demographic characteristics, Part 2 Include (13) items concerned with signs and complications of menopause and part 3 concerned with prevention from complications of menopause. Validity of the study instrument is conducted through a panel of experts who have years of experience in nursing field. Data analysis by using descriptive statistics (percentage, frequency & mean of score) and inferential statistics (Chi-Square). Results: revealed that majority of women have moderate awareness regarding menopausal mediated problems. There was a significant association between the about menopause mediated problems and their demographic data with women age and level of education. Conclusion: The researcher can conclude that the majority of the women have moderate awareness regarding menopausal mediated problems. GSJ: Volume 10, Issue 6, June 2022 ISSN 2320-9186 1805 GSJ© 2022 www.globalscientificjournal.com Recommendations: Recommendations about menopause and its problems and prevention and put them in the waiting rooms of health centers and hospitals, emphasizing audio-visual mass media programs about menopause problems and the health personnel in hospitals and health centers should educate women about menopause and their problems

Cholelithiasis affects approximately 15% of the US population. Rising trends in obesity and metabolic syndrome have contributed to an increase in diagnosis of cholelithiasis. There are several risk factors for cholelithiasis, both modifiable and non modifiable. Women are more likely to experience cholelithiasis than are men. Pregnancy, increasing parity, and obesity during pregnancy further increase the risk that a woman will develop cholelithiasis. The classic presentation of persons experiencing cholelithiasis, specifically when gallstones obstruct the common bile duct, is right upper quadrant pain of the abdomen that is often elicited upon palpation during physical examination and documented as a positive Murphy's sign Descriptive Cross-Sectional Design is adopted in the current study to achieve the early stated objectives. The study started from January 2 nd , 2021 until May, 20 th , 2021. A Non-Probability (Convenience Sample) of (60) nurses were including in the present study. Sample collect from 1, 3,4) and emergency department The results of the present study indicated that the majority of the samples (93.33%) have deficit knowledge, which agree with the results of the study showed that the reasons for lack of nurses' knowledge regarding from the researchers' point of view "might be related to lack of continuing educational programs or sessions about Cholelithiasis, supervision, continuous evaluation of nurses' practice, and cooperation between multidisciplinary health care team members (nurses-physicians). Conclusions according to the present study findings, the researcher can mention the following conclusions:Most of nurses in medical units had knowledge deficit concerning management of cholelithiasis nursing management. It is found that the most of nurses are middle age group within (35-39) years old. It is concludes that the most of nurses are institute and college graduated, most of the nurses years' experience in medical wards(1-10 years). most of the sample have participating in the sessions training in medical wards but no related to cholelithiasis nursing management. Encouraging nurses to update their information by participating in training sessions and conference inside and outside Iraq to improve their knowledge regarding cholelithiasis nursing management which working in medical wards.

Objective: to assess women's knowledge toward complication of caesarean section and to find out the relationship between women's knowledge and their demographic data. Methodology A cross-sectional descriptive approach was carried out through the present study in order to achieve the early stated objectives. The study was begun from January, 1st, 2019 to April, 10th, 2019. The study is conducted in Al- Najaf City in Iraq in Cesarean room of Al Zahraa' Teaching hospital. Results: revealed that majority of women have acceptable knowledge regarding cesarean section complication. There was non-significant association between the women knowledge toward cesarean section complication and their age, Economic status. The study result indicates that there was significant association between the overall women knowledge toward cesarean section complications and their Occupational status. Also there is highly significant relationship between the women knowledge toward cesarean section complications and their level of education. Conclusion: majority of the women had acceptable knowledge concerning complications of cesarean section. Recommendation: The study recommends that the Nurses need to be joining in special courses in order to improve their knowledge toward cesarean section complications so they will participate in educating patients through information obtained from the courses above because they feel more comfortable especially with the nurses and A population-based study should be conducted to increase women's awareness about the cesarean section complication. Key wards: Knowledge, Caesarean Section.

Background: chronic liver disease (CLD) is growing annually and increases the mortality and morbidity in the world. It also a complex disease that determines of the human effective especially in the middle of ages and young people. In the recent decade, the number of people with the disease had increased about 550 million people worldwide because of viral infections alone, and the number rises when adding the rest of the other causes of the disease such as fatty liver disease, alcohol, immune diseases, metabolic disorders and cholestasis disease. Methodology: a descriptive correlational design is used through the present study in order to: assess the linH

العنف في مكان العمل بشكل عام أو العنف ضد العاملين في مجال الرعاية الصحية بشكل خاص هو مشكلة رئيسية تؤثر على صحة وانتاجية العاملين في قطاع الرعاية الصحية. وقد تم إجراء دراسة وصفية- تحليلية مستعرضة للتعرف على انواع ومصادر وتأثيرات العنف في مكان العمل ضد الممرضات الإناث. وتم اخذ عينة قصدية من (280) ممرضة من مدينة الصدر الطبية ومستشفى الزهراء التعليمي في مدينة النجف الاشرف. جمعت البيانات عن طريق المقابلة باستخدام استمارة الاستبيان. تم تحديد صدق استمارة الاستبيان من خلال مجموعة مكونة من (15) خبير, حدد ثبات الاستمارة من خلال الدراسة المصغرة ثم تم وصف وتحليل البيانات باستخدام الإجراءات الإحصائية الوصفية والاستنتاجية. وكشفت نتائج الدراسة ان النسبة الاكبر من الممرضات تتراوح أعمارهن بين (21-30) سنة (72.1٪)، وان ما يقرب من نصف العينة ( 47.5 %) كانت من خريجي اعدادية التمريض، وكذلك فأن اكثر من نصف العينة (55.4٪) هي غير متزوجة، و فيما يتعلق بسنوات الخبرة أشارت نتائج الدراسة (44.3٪) من العينة كانت فترة خدمتها أقل من سنة. وبينت الدراسة أن نسبة (10 %) من الممرضات تعرضن للعنف النفسي في مكان العمل. وكذلك اظهرت نتائج الدراسة أن نسبة (0.7 %) من الممرضات تعرضن للعنف الجسدي والجنسي في أماكن العمل. كما اظهرت الدراسة أن هناك علاقة ذات دلالة احصائية قوية بين التعرض لأنواع العنف النفسي والجسدي والجنسي في مكان العمل. استنتجت الدراسة الى ان هنالك نسبة ليست بالقليلة من العينة تعرضت للعنف بشدة ولعدة مرات وفي اماكن عمل متعددة داخل المستشفيات والمراكز التخصصية. وان هنالك علاقة قوية بين التعرض لكل نوع من انواع العنف مع الانواع الاخرى. وتوصي الدراسة بتطوير المناهج الدراسية لطلاب التمريض بخصوص أساليب التواصل من أجل الحد من التعرض للعنف في مكان العمل، وتنظيم دورات للممرضين والممرضات لتحديد واجباتهم وحقوقهم، وكذلك تطوير مهارات الممرضات على كيفية التعامل مع حوادث العنف والحالات الحرجة, وتشريع وتفعيل القوانين التي تعزز حماية العاملين الصحيين وخاصة الإناث من جميع مصادر العنف.