مياده باسم رسول الدباغ

The current study aims to study some biochemical indicators for thalassemia patients in the Najaf governorate, and the study included 25 patients with major beta thalassemia during the period from November 2019 to February 2020 and their ages ranged between (2 -65) years and 15 healthy people who arenot He had genetic blood diseases and their ages ranged between (2-65) years. The results of the study showed that there are in some biochemical indicators, as there was a significant increase in the level of the enzyme of liver function ALT that was the focus in patients 23.74 ± 29.53 U\L and in healthy people it was 4.61 ± 11.67U\L Also, the creatinine concentration patients 9.92 ± 26.08 mmol\L and in healthy was, 68.06 ± 51.54 mmol\L, Except for urea, we notice that there was a decrease in its concentration in patients 0.89 ± 3.96 mmol\L and in healthy was 1.03 ± 2.36 mmol\L, There was an increase in the concentration of iron in the blood in patients 382.05 ±64.37 Umol\L And in healthy was 9.48 ± 61.36 Umol\L, as well as a decrease in the concentration of glucose in patients and an increase in healthy people, 18.58 ± 28.59 Umol\L 9.10 ± 20.44 Umol\L respectively. We conclude from this study about some changes that occur on some biochemical indicators for patients with thalassemia that can be attributed to liver and heart diseases, as well as to kidney failure arising from the toxicity of high iron concentration, which is a feature of thalassemia.

The current study was conducted in the College of Education for Girls/ department of Biology/ animal house,50 male albino rats belonging to the Sprague Dawley strain were used. They weighed 180-228 g, and were divided into 7 groups, 5 males in each group. The first included control group that was orally dosed with a solution of physiological salt 0.9% NaCl. The second group was injected subcutaneously with alloxan 120 mg/kg. The third and fourth groups were orally administrated with astaxanthin extract at the two concentrations 250-500 mg/kg respectively. The fifth and sixth groups were injected with alloxan 120 mg/kg, and then was orally dosed with astaxanthin extract 250 and 500 mg/kg respectively. The last group was orally submitted to the amyral solution 0.1 mg/kg after being injected with alloxan 120 mg/kg. It is worth mentioning that the dosage process continued for 30 days, once per day.The study included recording of a rat's pancreas weight, blood glucose and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) levels. In addition to the histological study that represented the sections of the pancreas. The results of the statistical analysis revealed a significant increase (P˂ 0.05) in the pancreas weight at the group that treated with alloxan ,and the group was subjected to alloxan+amyral when compared with the control group and other experimental groups, while no significant differences (P˃ 0.05) when the other groups were compared with each other's. As well as, the findings recorded a significant elevation (P < 0.05) in levels of blood glucose and MCP-1 in the group injecting with alloxan subcutaneously and also the group of alloxan +amyral when compared with control group and the other groups, otherwise a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the level of blood glucose and MCP-1 were noticed in the male rats that treated with astaxanthin 500 mg/kg when compared with all other groups of this study. The histological examination of pancreas of alloxan alone, and alloxan+ amyral treated animals diagnosed to obtain many of pathological changes comprised, degeneration and necrosis of some pancreatic islets, congestion and hemorrhage within the interstitial connective tissue, as well as expansion or widening of some blood vessels, severe infiltration of inflammatory cells within the pancreas tissues. The study concluded that the therapeutic effects of astaxanthin extract in the concentration 500 mg/kg is better than the chemical drug (amyral) in improving the blood glucose level, due to the efficacy of the antioxidative constitutes found in astaxanthin which repairs the damages caused by alloxan 120 mg/kg in the histological structures and their cellular components of cytoplasm, nucleus and other organelles of the pancreas.

The current study was conducted at the College of Education for Girls/ department of Biology/ animal house. Fifty male albino rats belonging to the strain Sprague Dawley, species Rattus rattus, were used. They weighed 180-228 g, and were divided into 7 groups, 5 males in each group. The first included control group that was orally dosed with a solution of physiological salt 0.9% NaCl. The second group was injected subcutaneously with alloxan 120 mg/kg. The third and fourth groups were orally administrated with astaxanthin extract at the two concentrations 250 and 500 mg/kg respectively. The fifth and sixth groups were injected with alloxan 120 mg/kg, then was orally subjected to astaxanthin extract 250 and 500 mg/kg respectively. The last group was orally given amaryl solution 0.1 mg/kg after being injected with alloxan 120 mg/kg. It is worth mentioning that the dosage process lasted for 30 days, once per day. The study comprised a biochemical parameters recording of male rats such as levels of blood total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density and very low-density lipoprotein (LDL, VLDL), in addition to reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPX-1), and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as the activity of the liver enzymes as the aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), the alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and finally urea and creatinine levels. Regarding levels of serum TC, TG, LDL, VLDL, MDA, and the liver enzymes activity of AST, ALT and ALP, in addition to levels of urea and creatinine, a significant increase was noticed (P˂ 0.05) at the treated group with alloxan and the group of alloxan + amaryl in compared to the control group and other experimental groups. On the contrary, the levels of HDL, GSH and GPX1 revealed significant decrease in the same two groups. There were a significant decline (P˂ 0.05) in levels of serum TC, TG and LDL, VLDL, MDA, and the liver enzymes activity of AST, ALT and ALP, in addition to urea and creatinine levels comparable to the control group and other residual groups. While, the levels of HDL and GSH and GPX1 showed a significant elevation (P˂ 0.05) in the group that treated with astaxanthin when compared with the control group and other groups of study. It was concluded that the therapeutic effects of astaxanthin extract in two concentrations 250 and 500 mg/ kg is better than the chemical drug (amaryl) in ameliorating the biochemical parameters of blood, due to the efficacy of the powerful anti-oxidative components found in astaxanthin which reduces or alleviates the hemotoxic impacts caused by alloxan .

128 of pus samples were collected from women's infected with Mastitis. The identification of the Staphylococcus aureus isolates depended on colonial morphology, microscopic examination and biochemical tests as a primary identification, and detection of found mec A gene using the polymerase chain reaction. The researches to the following results: The results showed that 22 isolates did not appear any growth and percentage (17.19)% whereas 106 (82.81%) isolates belongs to Staphylococcus and 34 from this isolates belongs to Staphylococcus aureus and percentage (32.07)% the research has detected the presence of genetic factor mec A belongs to Staphylococcus aureus (34) where the number of the samples carrying the gene 14 (41.1%).The results also includes a high association between this genetic factor and Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Besides, there is also a correlation between MRSA and Mastitis diseases. This study draws attention to the current increase in MRSA in Najaf city which increases the importance of working to develop means of infection control to prevent further spread in the community.

This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the utility of three surrogate markers of insulin resistance, TyG, TG/HDL, and TyG-BMI in clinical practice by examining their association with diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Results: Of 476 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), 42 (8.8%) had DKD. Patients with DKD showed significantly higher levels of BMI, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, lipids, markers of renal dysfunction and three IR indices (TyG, TG/HDL and TyG-BMI) than those without DKD compared to those without DKD. Crosstabs/Risk analysis revealed that TyG index (OR = 1.39, 95% CI =1.218-1.587, p= 0.002), TG/HDL (OR =1.356, 1.189-1.545, p= 0.004), and TyG-BMI (OR =1.247, 1.073-1.450, p= 0.043). Based on the receiver operating characteristic curve, the areas under ROC with best cutoff values of TyG index, TG/HDL and TyG-BMI, were 0.762, 0.720 and 0.654, respectively and 9.5, 2.19 and 225, respectively. DKD patients >40 years had a significantly increased TyG index (p = 0.047) of 67.0% compared to patients <40 years of age of 50.0%. Conclusion: Among T2DM patients, the risk of DKD increases with the increase of TyG index, TG/HDL and TyG-BMI, with their respective cut-off values being 9.5, 2.19 and 225. The TyG performed best in predicting DKD, followed by TG/HDL and then TyG-BMI. Age was positively associated with TyG index, indicating a higher prevalence of DND in patients with T2DM.

Abstract: This retrospective study showed that preeclampsia (PE) was prevalent in 4.4% of deliveries (pregnant women referred for obstetrics) in Najaf, Iraq. The study associated PE with a number of clinical and biochemical factors, such as high blood pressure (systolic blood pressure (154.68 ± 19.362) and diastolic blood pressure (100.48 ± 11.281)), high blood sugar levels (139.503 ± 45.9697), elevated liver enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (63.2423 ± 45.74961), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (76.4910 ± 64.01945), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (223.7148 ± 81.74938)), low red blood cell count (3.9265 ± 0.76012) and platelet count (198.081 ± (86.8427)), and high protein in urine (1-4) (p < 0.01). The study also showed that deliveries aged 26 to 35 years, nulliparous women (58.1%), singleton pregnant women (93.5%), and women with a previous abortion (12.9%) were more likely to develop PE. These women were also more likely to undergo cesarean section (80.6%) and to recover longer (2.35 ± 0.709). The study also included a significant increase in maternal complications in the PE group: gestational diabetes; infection; renal disease and chronic hypertension. As for neonatal outcomes, preterm birth (67.7%), low birth weight babies (38.7%), and still birth (9.7%) were significantly higher in the PE group. In conclusion, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of PE among deliveries in Iraq, and to compare the maternal clinical and biochemical parameters, obstetric outcomes and neonatal outcomes between deliveries with and without PE. Early identification of these risk factors and taking appropriate preventive measures are crucial to improving maternal and fetal health.