ميس سمير محمدسعيد شمسه

Acute appendicitis is one of the most common intra-abdominal emergencies seen in the surgical department, which can be treated easily if an accurate diagnosis is made in time; otherwise delay in diagnosis and treatment can lead to gangrene, perforation and diffuse peritonitis. Hyperbilirubinemia is the result of imbalance between production and excretion of bilirubin by the liver and since the liver receive the blood from the portal venous system which carry it from intra-abdominal organ, so any intra-abdominal infection including the acute appendicitis could lead to hyperbilirubinemia. In this prospective study, the role of TSB as a marker for acute appendicitis was evaluated.

The role of vitamin D3 deficiency in breast cancer has been extensively studied. An inverse relationship does exist between the vitamin D3 level and breast cancer risk. Many cancer treatment centers worldwide have included vitamin D3 supplement in their programs aiming at reduction of cancer recurrence and enhancing cancer response to chemotherapy and hormonal therapy. To find out differences in vitamin D3 levels in women with and without breast cancer. To establish the relation(if any) between vitamin D3 deficiency in breast cancer patients and estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 receptor status; and with TNM staging, tumor marker Ca 15-3, histopathological type, family history of breast carcinoma, and history of oral contraceptive pills usage. A case-control study was conducted among 212 patients with breast cancer and equal number of controls. The patients were attendants at Oncology Unit at Al-Sadr teaching hospital / Al-Najaf from December 1st, 2013 until October 1st, 2014. There is a statistically significant difference in vitamin D3 level between the two studied groups (cancer patients record lower levels). Our patients are younger at the time of diagnosis and the deficiency in vitamin D is clear in breast cancer group. The study doesn't show any relation to estrogen, progesterone and HER2 receptors; there was no relation between vitamin D level and TNM staging, CA 15-3 marker, histopathological type of the tumor, family history orOCP