mayyada farhan Darweesh jalalda

Abstract---Transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) an important causes of morbidity and mortality among recipients of blood /blood products since it among the essential vehicles for infectious agents that lead to disability or death. So this study aimed to evaluate the important causative agents and the role of IL-17 in progressive disease. A Case-control study was performed to 100 patients with Transfusion blood attended to AL-Sadder teaching hospital with group of 30 healthy individual as control. Blood sample was collected from all patients and control. IL-17 level were measured by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The result shown that Hemodialysis patients 54 (54%) patient from which 40(74%) suffering from TTI, HCV were most common causative agents with 42 % and the male recorded 63%. While 46(46%) patients with thalassemia from which 32(70%) were TTI and HCV a most common pathogen with 19(41 %), the male higher than female with frequency (65%). In conclusion: This result explain that HCV infected more than noninfected HD patients and the serum IL-17 level increased significantly in HD patients with HCV, then patients without HCV infection in comparison with healthy control group

Thalassemia is a genetic blood disorder inherited from the parent with unusual production of hemoglobin, infectious complications, immune abnormalities and iron overload with related to organ damage that consider a chief cause of morbidity and mortality. So this study aimed to evaluate the important causative agents and the role of IL-10 gene polymorphism in progressive disease. A Case-control study was performed to 46 Beta-thalassemia patients attended to inherited blood center in AL-Zahraa teaching hospital with group of 30 healthy individual as control. Blood sample was collected from all patients and control. IL-10 level were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Singule nucleotide polymorphism detected by ARMS-PCR technique. The result shown that 46(46% ) patients with thalassemia , the male higher than female with frequency (65%), according to infection 32(70%) were TTI with HCV a most common pathogen 19(41 %).This study explain that serum level of IL-10 is significantly higher among patients with thalassemia (98±27.53)pg/ml compared to healthy control (10.67±1.49) pg\ml and was higher in HCV infected patients (121.56 ±32.60)pg/ml than non-infected with HCV record ( 73.61± 18.29) pg/ml. The genotyping of IL-10 revealed three genotypes; AA , AG and GG types with frequency (32.6%, 28.3% and39.1%) respectively in thalassemia patients, and the GG/allele G is the risk factor in thalassemia patients that infected with HCV (52.6%) while patients with non-infected HCV (18.5%).

Thalassemia is a genetic blood disorder inherited from the parent with unusual production of hemoglobin, infectious complications, immune abnormalities and iron overload with related to organ damage that consider a chief cause of morbidity and mortality. So this study aimed to evaluate the important causative agents and the role of IL-10 gene polymorphism in progressive disease. A Case-control study was performed to 46 Beta-thalassemia patients attended to inherited blood center in AL-Zahraa teaching hospital with group of 30 healthy individual as control. Blood sample was collected from all patients and control. IL-10 level were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Singule nucleotide polymorphism detected by ARMS-PCR technique. The result shown that 46(46% ) patients with thalassemia , the male higher than female with frequency (65%), according to infection 32(70%) were TTI with HCV a most common pathogen 19(41 %).This study explain that serum level of IL-10 is significantly higher among patients with thalassemia (98±27.53)pg/ml compared to healthy control (10.67±1.49) pg\ml and was higher in HCV infected patients (121.56 ±32.60)pg/ml than non-infected with HCV record ( 73.61± 18.29) pg/ml. The genotyping of IL-10 revealed three genotypes; AA , AG and GG types with frequency (32.6%, 28.3% and39.1%) respectively in thalassemia patients, and the GG/allele G is the risk factor in thalassemia patients that infected with HCV (52.6%) while patients with non-infected HCV (18.5%).

crystal yellowish white powder. The chemical and physical properties of isolated alkaloids compounds were studied by using thin layer chromatography (TLC), melting point (MP), ultraviolet spectrum (UV) and FTIR spectrum. The isolated alkaloids compounds are shown high antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria (S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, P. stutzeri, E. aeruginosa, S. viridans, and S. pneuomonia). The results explained broad spectrum antibacterial property of alkaloids compounds against all pathogenic bacteria.

The current study including two parts : The first was determination antimicrobial effect of Proteus vulgaris on two type of pathogenic bacteria such as S.aureus and P. aeruginosa , the second was evaluate the effect of capsular polysaccharide antigen which extract from Proteus vulgaris to stimulate immune response in mice . CPS antigen from P. vulgaris was prepared, then series concetration of wild type of bathogenic bacteria and from CPS antigen were prepared depending on LD50 value which was;1×105 cfu /ml of wilde type and 1×108 cfu/ ml of CPS antigens ,these concentration injected in 0.1 ml intraperetonial in mice . Immune response in mice evaluated by using the following assay: ( phagocytosis , Arthus reaction , delayed hypersensitivity , T-rossate formation and plaque forming cells ) by use two concentration LD50 and 0.1 LD50 which was( 1×108 , 1×107) cfu/ ml in 0.1 ml from CPS antigens« to evaluate the best concentration in stimulate immune response» and bacterial suspention in 3 mice to each test in addition to control group injected by normal saline . The results of this study confirmed that , the P. vulgaris was effective in inhibiting the growth of investigated bacteria , with inhibition zone 28 mm for S.aureus and 23 mm for P.aeruginosa , also the result show that the CPS antigen in1×107 cfu/ ml concentration after 14 days from injection is the best efficient and gave highest mean in phagocytosis , delayed hypersansativity , T-rossate formation and, specific immunity in term of plaque forming cells and arthus reaction was significantly increase in 1×107 cfu/ ml .It is concluded that efficient immune response can be obtained by CPS from P. vulgaris

Abstract_This study was designed to determine the role of interaction between humeral immune system and antioxidants protein in regulation thalassemic patient statement. Seventy tow blood samples from patient admitted to the regulation thalassemia center of AL-zahraa hospital in AL- Najaf city and other 60 samples were taken from healthy persons as controls group. These patients and control were not affected by any kind of infection during study period and at different ages group. The results revealed the significant different P<0.05) between patient and control group and explained clearly increase in level of immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM & IgA) and antioxidant protein (Ceruloplasmin and Haptoglobin ) in thalassemic patient which also undergo reduce in level of complement component (C3, C4) in contrast to control group and though results of this study appear clearly that thalassemic patient explain significant high serum level of the plasma protein (Ceruloplasmin and Haptoglobin ) in contrast to control and these protein in these person play vital role in maintenance of iron homeostasis which regard one important way to prevent complication iron overloading that occurs because chronic blood transfusions

This study was designed to evaluate the antibacterial & antibiofilm activity of Punica granatum peel aqueous extract against oral pathogens from patients suffering from gingivitis and dental carrier. These isolates were 58.8% gram positive (Lactobacillus spp. ,Streptococcus spp. and Staphylococcus aurus) and 41.2% gram negative (Klebseilla pneumonia and pseudomonas aeruginosa). The susceptibility of these different bacterial species toward the aqueous extract of this plant was applied by using well diffusion agar method. The results were compared with each other and with selected antibiotic ciprofloxacin as positive control. Results showed that aqueous extract of Punica granatum had antibacterial activity against all isolates, on which the diameter of inhibition zone at concentration 200 mg/ml of this extract was 24mm for Lactobacillus spp and 23 mm for Staph aureus and P.aeruginosa, while the Streptococcus spp. was only 18 mm. . Also antibiotic sensitivity test was done for these isolates towards locally used drugs which ordinarily used to treat gingivitis and dental carrier. The results showed a resistance for most of these antibiotic and illustrated that most isolated bacteria undergo decreasing in biofilm formation activates after incubated with MIC of aqueous extract , this changing in biofilme formation activity for isolated bacteria was determined due to the average of optical density (O.D) at 540 nm.

20-22 weeks of pregnancy causing dangers to the mother and her fetus. In recent years, a lot of studies suggest that recurrent abortion is caused by the genetic factors. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of the IFN- +874T/A polymorphisms and level with spontaneous abortion. Methods: The study group comprised 60 women with spontaneous abortion, and the control group consisted of 30 healthy delivered women. IFN-  Gene polymorphism was detected by ASO-PCR technique and blood level was estimated by ELISA. Results: The frequency of TT genotype (35%) and T allele (55.83%) was significant higher (P<0.05) in the abortion group than in the control group (13.33%, 35% respectively), also, IFN- level was significantly (P<0.01) higher in abortion group (8±0.4 IU/ml) than in control group (1.3±0.07 IU/ml). Conclusions: This study concluded that the IFN- +874T/A polymorphisms (TT genotype) and high IFN- level may be associated with

This study Including explain the inhibition activity of Myrtus communes leave aqueous extract against oral pathogens that isolated from 56 swabs were taken from patient undergo gingivitis and dental caries. The gram positive bacteria were responsible for 10 ( 58.8% )from all positive culture (divided between S.auruse 3 (17.6 %) , Lactobacillus 3 (17.6%) and β-hemolytic streptpcoccus 4(23.5% ). But gram negative bacteria were have isolated from 7(41.2%) speciemen, that represented by K.pnemonia 5 (29.4%) &2( 5.9 %) for P.aeruginosa. The result s showed increase in diameter of inhibitor zone when increase aqueous extract concentration, that reach to 2.4 mm for β- hemolytic streptpcoccus at 200 μg/ml and S.auruse 2.3mm followed by K.pnemonia 2.05 mm at same concentration . The MIC of this extract causes clear decline in ability of most isolated strain to form biofilm , when treated by it. This phenomena can infer when the tubes contain bacteria together with aqueous extract not stained with crystal violet in compeer with control tubes that contain only suspension of bacteria.

The study was designed to assess in vivo the effects of capsular polysaccharide (CPS) antigen of K. pneumonia on some immunological parameters in albino mice. CPS antigen from K.pneumonia was prepared, then series concetration of wild type of bathogenic bacteria and from CPS antigen were prepared depending on LD50 value which was;1×103 cfu /ml of wilde type and 1×105 cfu/ ml of CPS antigens ,these concentration injected in 0.1 ml intraperetonial in mice .Immune response in mice evaluated by using the following assay: (phagocytosis , Arthus reaction , delayed hypersensitivity and plaque forming cells ) by use two concentration LD50 and 0.1 LD50 which was( 1×105 , 1×106) cfu/ ml in 0.1 ml from CPS antigens« to evaluate the best concentration in stimulate immune response» and bacterial suspention in 3 mice to each test in addition to control group injected by normal saline . The results of this study confirmed that , the CPS antigen in1×106 cfu/ ml concentration after 14 days from injection is the best efficient and gave highest mean in phagocytosis , delayed hypersansativity and arthus reaction , specific immunity in term of plaque forming cells was significantly increase in 1×106 cfu/ ml .It is concluded that efficient immune response can be obtained by CPS from K. pneumoniae

the study was designe to assess some immunological aspects of asthma patients by detected the total and differential count of leucocyte , immunoglobulin titer and specific activity of adenosine deaminase ADA . Therty sex samples of patients were collected and 24 sample of healthy as control group . The result was revealed that the WBCs count increased in patients group compared with control group , and the neutrophils and basophile were increased significantly while, lymphocyte and monocyte was decreased. The concentration of IgE increased significantly but IgG was decreasedThe specific activity of ADA was highly significant (P≤ 0.01) increased compared with control group. الخلاصة :- تناولت الدراسة الحالية تقييم بعض الجوانب المناعية لدى المرضى المصابين بالربو مثل قياس معايير الدم وتشمل العدد الكلي والتفريقي لخلايا الدم البيض وقياس مستوى الاميونوكلوبيولينات المناعيةا(Ig) وقياس فعالية انزيم الادينوسين دي امينيز(ADA) بأعتباره انزيم مناعي ودراسة امكانية استخدامة كعلاج مناعي بدلا من العقاقير المستخدمة في علاج مرضى الربو لتجنب التأثيرات الجانية لبعض الادوية المستخدمة في العلاج ، وتضمنت اختيارا عشوائيا" لـ 36 مريض من مستشفى الصدر التعليمي في محافظة النجف بالاضافة الى 24 شخصا" سويا" بوصفهم مجموعة سيطرة . اظهرت نتائج الدراسة حدوث زيادة في العدد الكلي لخلايا الدم البيض لدى مجموعة المرضى وكانت الزيادة عالية المعنوية عند المقارنة مع مجموعة السيطرة ، كما بينت النتائج حدوث زيادة عالية المعنوية في عدد neutrophill and basophill cells وبنفس الوقت انخفاض في عدد ,Lymphocytes and monocytes cells.دلت النتائج انخفاض في مستوى مقابل زيادة في مستوى الاميونوكلوبيولين E ، ، وبالوقت نفسه بينت النتائج حدوث زيادة في الفعالية النوعية لانزيم ADA لدى مجموعة المرضى بالمقارنة مع مجموعة السيطرة مما يؤكد دوره في تحويل مادة الادينوسين السامة والتي لها دور اساس في تطور مرض الربو الى ساينوسين وهو مركب غير سام

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with a wide spectrum of sensory, motor, and psychological disorders. Cytokines level and microRNA (miRNA) expression have roles in the disease's progression and the start of a damaging immune response in the central nerve system. This research study aimed to determine the role of interferon- (IFN-) and microRNA-326 (MiR-326) as prognostic factors for the development of MS disease in relation to different treatments. This case-control study included 100 participants, classified as 80 MS patients and 20 apparently healthy subjects as a control group. IFN- level was determined by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The expression level of micR326 was determined by the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction technique. The mean level of serum IFN- in MS patients (102.83 ± 15.79 ng/ml) was significantly higher than in the control group (61.25 ± 12.51 ng/ml) (p=0.001). A higher concentration of IFN- was observed in the secondary progressive form of MS disease relative to relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and in comparison, with the controls group, this IFN- cytokine level was significantly higher in treatment-naive patients. There was an increase in the mean fold change of miRNA-326 expression in patients (3.1 ±1.65) compared to the control group (1.03 ±0.23). In conclusion, secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) has higher IFN- serum level than RRMS. MiR-326 may participate in the development of MS and its expression can be a useful biomarker for the prediction of MS.

altered immune response with demyelination and loss of nerve axons. Objectives. This study aimed to focus on the role of MiR-326 in relation to CMV, HSV and IL-17 concentration in MS. Material and methods. A case-control study was carried out for 100 participants classified as 80 multiple sclerosis patients (case group), which included 60 female and 20 male at different ages, at the Al-Husseini Teaching Hospital in the holy city of Karbala from November 2022 till end of April 2023, along with 20 apparently healthy subjects (control group). Approx. 4 ml of blood was taken from all participants, which was divided into 2 ml of blood to separate serum for detected IL-17 level by enzyme linked immunosorbent as say (ELISA) and examined CMV and HSV-1 antibodies, and by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique 2 ml of blood used to investigate whether expression level of micR326 could be used as predictor for multiple sclerosis and its correlation with IL-17. Statistical analysis was completed with the use of statical software (IBM SPSS statistics 26). The chi-square test was used to determining the statistical difference of qualitative results among the different groups. The results of IL-17 level and miR-326 are given as arithmetic mean ± S.D. One-way ANOVA was used to analyze the comparison between patients and the control group. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statically significant. Results. The study revealed that females with multiple sclerosis more than males with a female: male ratio (3:1), the age of patients range from 18–63 and the 20–40 years were highest age group with 44 (55%). According to type of disease 22.5% of patients were SPMS and 77.5% were RRMS type, 20 (25%) of patients infected with HSV-1 14 (7.5%) of patients infected with CMV, while 46 (57%) of patients infected with both CMV & HSV-1. IL-17 level increased in the patients with multiple sclerosis as compared to healthy and have higher IL-17 serum level in SPMS than RRMS. Increase miRNA-326 mean fold change expression in patients (3.1 ± 1.65) in compare to healthy subjects (1.0 ± 0.23). Conclusions. This result bolsters the theory that there is a connection between viral infection multiple sclerosis, serum level concentra tion of interleukin-17 play key role in progressive disease, microRNA-326 may take part in the development of MS and microRNA-326 expression can be useful biomarker for prediction of multiple sclerosis.

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic, progressive autoimmune disease, involves an intimate relationship between immune cells and cytokines and results in decreased lifespans and higher mortality rates. The goal of the current study was to investigate the impact of MicroRNA (miRNA)146a and interleukin-17 (IL-17) as prognosis markers in RA patients. This case-control study included 120 RA patients who visited the Rheumatology unit at Al-Saddar Medical City in the governorate of Najaf, and 30 normal controls. Venous blood samples were collected from both patients and controls. Blood samples were used for measuring IL-17 levels using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing, and miRNA146a by the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The results showed higher frequency of RA in women than in men with elevate incidence in patients aged 40-59 years and 1-2 years RA disease duration of. The level of IL-17 was significantly higher in serum of RA patients compared with the control group (p<0.0001). IL-17 level was significantly increased among the patients in RA stage 4 (p<0.0001). IL-17 level was significantly increased in patients without treatment compared with treated patients. The expression of miRNA-146a was significantly higher in the patients’ group than control group. In conclusion, IL-17 may play critical role in chronic inflammation and can be used as diagnostic biomarker for RA. miRNA-146a is overexpressed in RA patient relative to healthy individuals and it acts as a negative regulator for IL-17.

Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of common autoimmune disorder globally affected 1% of population characterized by irregular cytokine production. microRNAs can influence the cytokine production that is associated with autoimmunity. Biomarkers found in local and systemic inflammation may give the solution for accurately diagnosing and treating arthritis. Objective: to evaluate TNF-α levels in synovial fluid and serum with serum miRNA-155 expression as prognostic markers in RA individuals. Methodology: 80 RA patients were attended to Al-Saddar Medical City Rheumatology Unit in the Najaf Governorate and 40 healthy as control group were selected for case control study. The mean patients' age was 50.6±16.5 and 42.5±9.24 years for healthy group. These patients were diagnosed by specialized physicians and given a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis then classified into mild (stage1 and 2) and aggressive stages (stage 3 and 4). Three ml of venous blood were taken from all participant from which 2 ml were placed in gel tube for serum separation to measuring RF and ACCP as confirmative diagnosis, the other 1ml was placed in Eppendorf tube with Triazole and immediately stored at -20 C◦ for miRNA -155 evaluation by RT-PCR, Knee synovial fluid was separated from Knee effusion of both RA patients and patients suffering from knee trauma only as control group. TNF-α was measured in serum and S.Fluid by ELISA assay. Results: that RA patients between the ages 45 - 67 years had a greater incidence and severity of the illness. TNF-α levels were substantially greater in patients with Aggressive-stage disease than in patients with mild-stage. According to ROC analysis appropriate cut-off value of miRNA-155 was 1.66, which had 0.944 % sensitivity, 0.889% specificity, AUC= 0.972, at P=0.000***. while the appropriate cut-off value of TNF-α appeared with high validity as prognostic factors in both serum and S. Fluid ( 87 % sensitivity, 97% specificity, AUC 0.992 in serum and 83.3% sensitivity, 86.7% specificity, AUC 0.915 in synovial Fluid. Conclusion: By using ROC analysis, it was possible to achieve good diagnosis accuracy for TNF-α levels in both serum and synovial fluid, as well as more sensitive and accurate discrimination of RA disease. TGF-β1 and miRNA-155 blood levels may help patients to avoid discomfort and stress instead of employing synovial fluid separation as a diagnosis for excellent prognosis in RA illness.