مريم محمد علي كريم الشبل

Pain as the fifth vital sign is the most common reason for seeking health care. For relieving patients’ pain, nurses have an important role, by administering pain-relieving interventions (pharmacologic or non-pharmacologic), monitoring the effectiveness of those interventions, recognizing the adverse effects of drugs, and supporting patients when the prescribed intervention is not enough for relieving pain. Because of nurses’ responsibility in pain assessment and management, they need to have enough knowledge of pathophysiology of pain the physiologic and psychological consequences of pain, and the latest methods being used to treat and relieve pain. Descriptive Cross-Sectional Design is adopted in the current study to achieve the early stated objectives. The study started from January 2nd, 2021 until May, 20th, 2021. A Non-Probability (Convenience Sample) of (60) nurses were including in the present study. Sample collect from emergency department that include Medical ward and surgical ward

Cholelithiasis affects approximately 15% of the US population. Rising trends in obesity and metabolic syndrome have contributed to an increase in diagnosis of cholelithiasis. There are several risk factors for cholelithiasis, both modifiable and non modifiable. Women are more likely to experience cholelithiasis than are men. Pregnancy, increasing parity, and obesity during pregnancy further increase the risk that a woman will develop cholelithiasis. The classic presentation of persons experiencing cholelithiasis, specifically when gallstones obstruct the common bile duct, is right upper quadrant pain of the abdomen that is often elicited upon palpation during physical examination and documented as a positive Murphy's sign Descriptive Cross-Sectional Design is adopted in the current study to achieve the early stated objectives. The study started from January 2nd, 2021 until May, 20th, 2021. A Non-Probability (Convenience Sample) of (60) nurses were including in the present study. Sample collect from 1, 3,4) and emergency department The results of the present study indicated that the majority of the samples (93.33%) have deficit knowledge, which agree with the results of the study showed that the reasons for lack of nurses' knowledge regarding from the researchers' point of view "might be related to lack of continuing educational programs or sessions about Cholelithiasis, supervision, continuous evaluation of nurses' practice, and cooperation between multidisciplinary health care team members (nurses-physicians). The researcher point of views is supported by Taha and Ali (2013). Conclusions according to the present study findings, the researcher can mention the following conclusions:Most of nurses in medical units had knowledge deficit concerning management of cholelithiasis nursing management. It is found that the most of nurses are middle age group within (35-39) years old. It is concludes that the most of nurses are institute and college graduated, most of the nurses years' experience in medical wards(1-10 years). most of the sample have participating in the sessions training in medical wards but no related to cholelithiasis nursing management. Encouraging nurses to update their information by participating in training sessions and conference inside and outside Iraq to improve their knowledge regarding cholelithiasis nursing management which working in medical wards

A study is conducted to assess the effectiveness of educational program on nurse’s knowledge regarding pre and post-operative nursing management at Al-Sadder Medical City. The program and instrument are constructed and developed by the researcher to reach the purpose of the study. A quasi-experimental design study has been carried out in Al-Najaf City/Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf Health Directorate / Al-Sadder Medical City from January 12th, 2018 to, September 13th ,2018. Purposive sample is comprised of 40 nurses divided into two groups: study group consists of 20 nurses which exposed to the educational program and control group consists of 20 nurses not exposed to the program. Measurement of effectiveness for educational program carried out through the use of knowledge test that include (40) items. Reliability of instrument is determined through the use of test and re-test, and the instrument validity is determined through a panel of experts. The results of the study show that the effectiveness of educational program about nurses’ knowledge regarding pre and post-operative nursing management is positive and evident. It also shows that there is a good development with highly significant differences in study group between pre and post-test in all items related to pre and post-operative nursing management.