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cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death globally, taking an estimated 17.9 million lives each year, More than four out of five CVD deaths are due to heart attacks and strokes, and one third of these deaths occur prematurely in people under 70 years of age. The circulating Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone system (RAAS) comprises liver - secreted angiotensinogen (AGT) that is enzymatically converted into angiotensin I (Ang I). ACE, as a key component in RAS, converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II, Angiotensin II increase the production of adhesion molecules and chemokines stimulates LDL oxidation and foam cell formation in macrophages, Increased level of the ACE and subsequent ACE activity by raising the production of angiotensin II can lead to atherosclerosis. A number of 100 subjects were involved in this investigation, 100 patients of CVDs in AL-Saddir Hospital and AL Hkem Hospital, in AL- Najaf province, 70 of them with CVDs and the other 30 healthy individuals, were used as control.The study was conducted to find out the importance of Determination of angiotensin-converting enzyme concentration in cardiovascular patients and some clinical and biochemical variables . We record significant differences between CVDs patient and control in level of ACE enzyme was(p< 0.0001) . We also referred to the relationship of the lipid profile and smoking in patients with an increase in the enzyme converting angiotensinogen

Cardiovascular diseases(CVD) are the cause of the highest mortality rate among noncommunicable diseases, Some of the main risk factors for CVD include smoking, hypertension, high body mass index, lipid metabolism disorders, and diabetes mellitus, according to emerging evidence,Genetics and polymorphisms are thought to play an important role in the occurrence and progression of CVD. A number of 100 subjects were involved in this investigation, 70 of them with CVDs and the other 30 healthy individuals were used as control. The study was conducted to find out the importance of ACE gene polymorphism and biochemical variables in CVDs patients. In addition, the study aimed to investigate the effect of gene polymorphism on CVDs. The comparisons between genotypic frequency of ACE gene polymorphism in control and CVDs patients showed a significant increase (p≤0.005) in DD, ID genotype in CVDs patients compared to control , where II genotype significant decreased in CVDs patients compared to control. Our results show insertion mutation at 550bp only in CVDs patients, this mutation not show in other research.

Background: The autoimmune-mediated chronic condition known as type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is typified by the degeneration of the pancreatic β cells that produce insulin.Method: The study included 75 T1DM patients and 25 healthy subjects.Results: Hematological tests which included WBC, RBC, Hb, HCT, MCV, platelets and differential for patients and controls showed significant differences (p<0.05) found in WBC, platelets, neutrophils in patients as compared with the control group, while no significant differences(p>0.05) were found in the results of RBC, Hb, HCT, MCV, lymphocytes between the groups of patients and controls. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate in patients and the healthy groups, where the results of the study showed a significant increase in ESR (p<0.05) of the patients (25.14±1.59mm/hr) compared with the healthy group (23.83±1.704mm/hr).Biochemical Tests: The results of estimation of the biochemical parameters values showed Significant increases were found in the results of blood sugar in patients as compared with the control group, while no significant differences (p>0.05) were found in the results of creatinine and urea between the patients and controls.Conclusions: According to the current study, compared to the control group, diabetes patients had significantly higher levels (p<0.05) of many inflammatory indicators, including WBC, platelets, neutrophils, and ESR.