مها عبد الكاظم عبد الطفيلي

Background: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) related illness that has spread globally and may worsen as pulmonary fibrosis develops. Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) has been recommended as a marker of COVID-19 and the severity of the illness. It is a chemical that is mostly expressed by injured alveolar type II cells. In order to confirm KL-6 potential as a predictive biomarker of severity in patients with COVID-19, this pilot investigation measured blood concentrations of KL-6. Materials and Methods: One hundred and forty patients with COVID-19 participated in the research. According to the severity of the disease, the COVID-19 patients were classified into three groups: critical disease (n=43), severe disease (n=52), and mild/moderate disease (n=45), with (n=60) healthy volunteers as the control group. Blood samples were taken as well as all of the patients' fundamental clinical and demographic information. Results: The blood KL-6 concentration on admission was considerably greater in each group as compared to that in all COVID-19 cases (critical, severe, and moderate) and normal control participants (p<0.0001), which was positively correlated with age, SBP,DBP,WBCs, neutrophil, CRP, D-dimer, ferritin, FBG, ALT, AST, and ALP whereas, negative correlate with lymphocytes, SpO2, albumin, and vitamin D. A cutoff value of 207.5 U/ml for KL-6 predicted severe COVID-19 with a sensitivity of 93.6% and a specificity of 88.3% (AUC: 0.965, 95%CI 0.943–0.988; p<0.0001). Conclusion: Critical and severe COVID-19 patients had considerably higher serum KL-6 concentrations, which might be a valuable indicator of the disease's severity. High blood KL-6 concentrations in the early stage of COVID-19 should as soon be closely monitored in order to avoid the development of pulmonary fibrosis as possible.

Background: Inflammation and immune-mediated reactions are facilitated by the endothelial cell adhesion molecule intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). In patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), viral infection of endothelial cells brought on by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can result in vascular alterations and boost the expression of ICAM-1, and may be utilized as a biomarker to assess disease severity. The purpose of this study was to determine how serum ICAM-1 levels affected the severity and prognosis of COVID-19. Materials and Methods: 120 patients with COVID-19 participated in the research. According to the severity of the condition, the COVID-19 patients were divided into three groups: critical disease (n = 23), severe disease (n = 37), and mild/moderate disease (n = 60), with 60 healthy volunteers working as the control group. Blood samples were taken as well as all of the patients' fundamental clinical and demographic information. Results: ICAM-1 levels were significantly higher in the all cases of patients with COVID-19 (p<0.0001). ICAM-1 levels were correlated with SpO2 , Lymphocyte, total cholesterol, HDL-C, and LDL-C (r = -0.639, -0.549, -0.348, -0.582, and -0.500 respectively; p ˂0.01) negatively, and correlated with SBP, WBCs, neutrophil, D-dimer, ferritin, CRP, triglyceride, and VLDL-C (r = 0.477, 0.579, 0.475, 0.688, 0.741, 0.709, 0.739, and 0.739 respectively; p˂0.01 ), whereas age r = 0.179 p˂0.05 positively. A cutoff value of 298.665 ng/ml for ICAM-1 predicted severe COVID-19 with a sensitivity of 92.5% and a specificity of 91.7% (AUC: 0.982, 95% confidence interval 0.968–0.996; p<0.0001). Conclusion: Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) may be a valuable predictive biomarker for determining the severity of COVID-19.

Kiwi (Actinidia deliciosa) plant two single-sex housing Deciduous trees, is his native China , an oval fruit with maroon color and it has many medical benefits as a result they contain chemical compounds and metals of vital importance to the various functions of the body, Therefore, the current study was designed to investigate some of these compounds and study their properties. As a first step was to draw the juice from the fruit and make some chemical processes which included the removal of some components of the juice that hinder and affect the study of compounds and elements subject of the study. Has been set amount of total protein in the sample using the Bradford method, And the amount of protein that is calculated 325 micrograms per milliliter and one of juice. The study also included the investigation of a special type of protein sugary called , and the study usability on lectins with the red agglutinate blood cells stuck to a human blood sample method has been followed Lis agglutinate . The subsequent conduct several experiments to set the conditions optimum where study results showed that the best process clumping occurs when the lap of Ktinat extract the juice with a stuck red blood cells to the blood type B sample blood human being at a temperature of 30°C and the period of the bosom of a 45 minutes.

In the present study we elevated serum lipid profiles alteration in type 2 diabetic males and females with fair to good controls, in addition we compared the level of serum lipid profiles in diabetic males with that of diabetic females and the level of serum lipid profiles in diabetic premenopausal with that their postmenopausal counter parts. To achieve this aim,112 type 2 diabetic patients and 100 age matched healthy individuals with normal glucose tolerance test (control groups )including in this study. These patients and controls subject were classified as male (58 patient ,50 control ),females (54patients ,50 control ).Females then subdivided into premenopausal females (27 patient ,25 controls) and postmenopausal females (27 patients ,25 controls) .Body mass index and clinical tests including serum lipoproteins were measured for patients and controls .The results revealed significant (p<0.001)elevation of serum total cholesterol, triglyceride ,LDL-cholesterol ,VLDL-cholesterol ,except HDL-cholesterol which is decreased significantly (p<0.001) , in all diabetic patient when compared with those of control groups. Females patients had higher level (p<0.05) ,of BMI ,total cholesterol ,triglycerides , LDL-cholesterol ,VLDL-cholesterol , and low HDL-cholesterol (p<0.05) ,compared to age matched male patients. However, there was no significant difference in the total cholesterol and the triglycerides between the diabetic premenopausal and postmenopausal females (p<0.05), and a significant reduction in the level of HDL-cholesterol and VLDL-cholesterol in the postmenopausal group, and significant increase in the value of LDL-cholesterol (p<0.05). The results pointed out, that the sex was not an independent risk factor for hyper lipidemia,in addition, diabetic postmenopausal females are more prone for hyperlipidemia than diabetic premenopausal females, consequently they are more prone of developing cardiovascular diseases.

This study aimd to determine Fe,Pb, Mn, Se,Cu, and Zn levels in the blood of children with anemia, living at Al-Najaf City, as indicator of environmental pollution in the city. Sixty five child (mean age 7.8±0.5) including 34 girls ,28 boys having anemia and age matched healthy children 29 girls,28 boys, were studied . We observed iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in 35 child (16 girls , 19 boy) and only anemia (OA) in 30 child (15 girls ,15 boy ).It was found significant difference of Hb ,PCV,MCV(P<0.01), and ferritin (p<0.001)values in IDA patients (both girls and boys) ,when compared with healthy children. The results show that there are significantly higher levels of Pb, Mn, and Zn, in the serum of children in (IDA)group (both girls and boys )in coparison with their control groups. While Se, and Cu levels were significantly, lower in (OA) and (IDA) groups girls and boys related to their controls groups. In conclusion, children with iron deficient anemia being more sensitive to the pollutants and more at risk as compared to healthy children. Their bloods are considered as an index of biologically active metals in the body, reflecting direct interaction of atmospheric pollution of population.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a gynaecological disease that has multiple connections with many diseases. It has been estimated that myocardial infarction is more likely in patients with PCOS. The effect of serum calcium and magnesium on the risk of heart diseases is not yet established. In this work, the lipid profile (total cholesterol TC, triglycerides TG, and very low-density lipoprotein VLDL, and high density lipoprotein HDL-C), serum magnesium, and calcium have been estimated in PCOS patients in comparing with control group. Different atherogenic ratios ((TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, TG/HDL-C, and Log (TG/HDL-C)) were calculated to obtain the best indicative ratios for the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The results showed that there is a significant increase (p<0.05) in TC, TG, and VLDL in PCOS patients as compared with control group. While HDL and serum calcium is decreased significantly (p<0.05) in patients group in comparing with control group. No significant change in serum magnesium and Ca/Mg ratio between both groups. There is no correlation (-0.50<Correlation Coefficient (r)<0.50) between different forms of serum calcium and magnesium with each parameter of lipid profile of both groups. The tested atherogenic ratios are significantly increased in PCOS patients in comparing with healthy control. The ratios TC/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C have the lowest p-values indicating the best change predictor between groups. It is concluded that PCOS patients are at higher risk of cardiovascular diseases than control group and the ratios TC/HDL-C ratio and LDL-C/HDL-C are the best atherogenic indices of these diseases. Serum calcium and magnesium are not correlated with lipid profile components even serum calcium is decreased in PCOS patients group.