لقاء سالم زغير الكريش

Phenotypically and genotypically estimation of virulence factors in Salmonella serovar Typhi isolated from patients with enteric fever in Al-Najaf, Iraq. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 128-133. Salmonella serovar Typhi, often known as enteric fever, causes typhoid fever and has been a major human infectious disease for centuries, surviving in poor sanitation and overcrowding. Only 64 (58.1%) Gram-negative bacteria were found from the 110 total specimens, with 46 (41.8%) Gram-positive bacteria. The 64 samples were divided into 42 (65.6%) males and 22 (34.4%) females. This work presents the isolation and identification of 64 Salmonella typhi isolates obtained from specimens. In addition, the flagellin gene was found in 64 isolated probable typhoid fever patients (fliC-d). In this study, phenotypic techniques were used to detect several virulence factors. The results showed that small colonies of L-form bacteria grow on the edges of a petri dish when one of the β-lactam antibiotics (a class of antibiotics that includes penicillin) is given to wild-type bacteria, showing 52 (81.3%) of isolates could produce L-form and observed in 44 (68.75%). The ability to generate CFA/I and CFA/II were found in 68.7% of isolates. The large percentage of CFA produced showed CFA/III production, 64 (100%). Keywords: CFA, L-form, Salmonella serovar Typhi, typhoid fever, virulence factors.

Typhoid fever infection is an important cause of morbidity and mortality among all ages groups in Iraq caused by Salmonella typhi. This study aim to detect molecular characterization and plasmid curing for S. typhi isolated from typhoid fever patients in Najaf provenance. This study was conducted to isolate and identify S. typhi from blood of patients and detect the pathogenicity markers. S. typhi is diagnosed serologically, biochemically and confirmed by VITEK and 16rRNA by using PCR technique. During the study period from August to December 2021, 110 blood samples were collected from patients suffering typhoid fever from AL-Sadder Medical City, Al Zahraa hospital for Maternity and children, general health laboratory and AL- Furat General Hospital will receive signs to each sex that male 63 (57%) and female 47 (43%) with age group from 1-70 years. The results showed that 54 (49.1%) of blood culture revealed positive culture on MacConky agar, blood agar and selective or differential agar (e.g. XLD agar and SS agar, while 56 (50.9%) specimens were no growth appear on Blood agar and MacConky agar. The results of culture showed that 32/54 (59.3%) isolates were belonging to S. typhi bacteria, 22/54 (40.7%) isolates belong to other bacteria.

One of the most prevalent bacteria in nosocomial infections is Acinetobacter baumannii. Misuse of antibiotics has resulted in an increase in A. baumannii multidrug-resistant (MDR) strain resistance. To assess the resistant gene pattern of MDR A. baumannii, empirical antibiotic therapy is required. In order to do this, the current study used a genotypic diagnostic technique to assess the resistance gene pattern of MDR A. baumannii that was collected from hospitalized patients. A. baumannii has resistance mechanisms against broad-spectrum antibiotics, including β-lactamases, efflux pumps, and aminoglycosides, altering targets, permeability shifts, and enzyme modifications. Efforts have been made to target plant-derived compounds and a combination of antibiotics and phytocompounds to circumvent resistance mechanisms. Many studies have been conducted on plant extract-synthesised nanoparticles. Additionally, we projected contemporary techniques to investigate insights into the mechanisms of action of antibiotics, such as multi-omics analysis. The data implied that A. baumannii putative antibiotic pathways would result in a different approach to treating A. baumannii infections. One of these resilient pathogens is A. baumannii, which is becoming more common in hospitals, resistant to treatment, and linked to higher death rates. Notwithstanding its clinical importance, little is known about this pathogen's behavior outside of hospitals. Additionally, unknown are its virulence factors. Consequently, our goal in this review is to provide light on the most recent findings about the ecological niches, microbiological characteristics, and antibiotic resistance profiles of A. baumannii. According to recent research, this bacterium is found in an increasing number of environmental niches, such as soils, treatment plants, and rivers. Keywords: Acinetobacter baumannii, Resistance Pattern, Infections.

Background: Acinetobacter baumannii is the cause of opportunistic nosocomial infection and one of the six major multidrug-resistant bacteria in hospitals worldwide. Objectives: Blood stream infections and ventilator-associated pneumonia are the most frequent diseases brought on by this human bacteria, and mortality can reach 35%. Methodology: In this study, 77 blood and urine samples were collected from children who had been receiving treatment for Acinetobacter infection at AL-Zahra teaching hospital in Al-Najaf, Iraq, for two years. In contrast to the 24 Acinetobacter spp. recovered in 2021–2022, only 53 Acinetobacter spp. were found in 2020–2021. Results: The findings showed that Acinetobacter isolates were divided into the following species: In 2020–2021, Acinetobacter spp. cause 9.43% of the isolates, 1.8% of the isolates were Acinetobacter lwoffii, and 88.6% of the population was Acinetobacter baumannii. The isolates of Acinetobacter spp. that were used in this study were resistant to a variety of antibiotics, including CIP (73.3%), CAZ (89.13%), MEM (68.2%), CTX (89.4%), IPM (83.3%), LEV (75%), TOB (62.5%), and SXT (70.27%). This is in contrast to the isolates that were collected in 2020–2021, which had higher resistance percentages toCIP(57. 8%), CAZ (83.3%), MEM (45.45%), CTX (90.90%), IPM (44.44%), LEV (41.6%), TOB (20%), SXT (55.5%) for isolates that collected in 2021-2022. Conclusions Acinetobacter baumanni isolates from blood and urine. have been recognized as an important pathogen that causes various infection in Najaf City. High antibacterial agent’s resistance among Acinetobacter spp. and MAR index was a concern among these isolates. There are increasing in the antibiotic resistance of Acinetobacter spp for COL, TOD, TIG and POLB in 2021-2022 period INTRODUCTION Acinetobacter bacteria is a pleomorphic aerobic gram-negative bacillus commonly isolated from the hospital environment and hospitalized patients. The Acinetobacter has more than 50 species, most of which are nonpathogenic environmental organisms. The most common infection-causing species is Acinetobacter baumannii, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and Acinetobacter lwoffii 1. This type of Acinetobacter can cause a variety of infections in people, including: blood infections (fever, Chills, vomiting, confusion), urinary tract infections (frequency, urgency, dysuria, hematuria, cloudy urine, foul smelling urine), pneumonia and wound infection2. Healthcare facilities all over the world struggle with A. baumannii's in famous tendency to create and gain resistance to almost every antibiotic in our arsenal3. However, the most hazardous conditions that A. baumannii can cause include bacteremia and ventilator-associated pneumonia (V

Abstract. This study sought to identify and isolate the bacteria that cause urinary tract infections in diabetic individuals as well as gauge their capacity to build biofilms. This study also sought to identify bacteria that were antibiotic-resistant. In this investigation, 37 urine specimens were taken from the diabetes center in AL-Sader Hospital/ Al Najaf Province for three months, from August 2022 to November 2022, and which 24 specimens included bacteria and 13 specimens did not. The bacterium-containing specimens comprised the following: Staphylococcus aureus was found in 7 specimens (29%), E. coli was found in 10 specimens (41%), Klebsiella pneumoniae was found in 4 specimens (17%), Pseudomonas aeroginosa was found in 2 specimens (8%) and Proteus mirabilis was found in 1 specimen (4.1%). Antibiotic susceptibility tests on microorganisms revealed that many of the germs were resistant to various antibiotics. This study demonstrated that all bacteria isolated could form biofilms using the tissue culture plate approach and that most bacteria could do so using the Congo red agar method. In this study, bacterial isolates that formed biofilms had higher in 66% in CRA method and 75% in TCP method and antimicrobial resistance than bacterial isolates that didn't form biofilms. The E. coli biofilm-associated genes bcsA (70%), fliC (60%), csgA (60%), fimH (60%), papC (50%), and agn 43 (50%), among others, were genotyped in all 10 isolates. While aap was not present in any of the 7 isolates of S. aureus, S. aureus biofilm-associated genes icaA and icaD (28%) were detect in 7 isolated. Keywords: Biofilm Formation, MDR, UTI, diabetes patients.

تمت في يوم الاربعاء 22/3/2023