Khitam Fadhil Abbas Altalbi

Abstract. Urinary tract-infections (UTIs) remain among repeated bacterial infections. Escherichia coli was the furthermost cause of UTI. However, quinolone resistance confuses treatment. The present study aimed to determine the fluoroquinolone sensitivity profile, besides point mutation occured in them within quinolone-resistance determining regions (QRDRs) for E. coli, since this first study in Najaf that deals with sequencing analysis and phylogenetic relationship of gyrA and parC. The antibiotic resistance for the 30 isolates obtained from UTIs as follow: ofloxacin, nalidixic acid, Levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, amikacin was 20(66.7), 21(70%), 18(60%), 18(60%), 26(86.7%), 25(83.3%), respectively, totally isolates sensitive to meropenem and imipenem, In PCR investigation show the elevated incidence of gyrA in isolates, 29 isolates were positive result, while the result of parC genes show that 27 isolates were positive result. Point mutations occur in gyrA in tested isolates at more than one site that cause ciprofloxacin resistance, the isolate no.2 has 3 Missense mutation, the isolate no.4 has 1 Missense mutation, also the isolate no.5 has 2 Missense mutation, the isolates no.7 has 3 Missense mutation, ParC amino acids sequencing for the isolate (no. 2, 3, 8, 9) have no mutation, isolate no. 7 has 1 Missense mutation Leu at position 122 converted to Cys. Local isolates looked more convergent towards India and Bangladesh isolates and to some extent for the USA, Greece, Egypt, Japan, Malaysia, and Brazil. Understanding the genetic basis of antibiotic resistance can guide treatment decisions then improve novel approaches for scrapping multi-drug resistant (MDR). This study revealed novelty through monitoring of E. coli evolution in clinical isolates.

Background: Class 2 Integron were most frequently associated with types of Enterobacteriaceae family example K. pneumoniae. Objectives: The aims were to work out antibiotic susceptibility, resistance patterns and sophistication 2 Integron gene among K. pneumoniae Isolated from UTI Infections in Al-Najaf hospitals/Iraq. Materials and methods: one hundred and fifty three K. pneumoniae isolates (non duplicate) were "collected from patients admitted to" the middle Kidney diseases and trasplantation in Al-Najaf during January 2020 to June 2020 and diagnosed to be had tract infections by K. pneumoniae, also of these isolated cultured on MacConkey agar, traditional biochemical test were used for primary identification and VITEK-2 system was wont to confirmed K. pneumoniae isolates suspected then disc diffusion method wont to identification Multidrug-Resistantand therefore the presence of sophistication 2 Integron was investigaed by PCR. Results: The results of the present research elucidate that more than two-thirds of K .pneumoniae infections in female patients in comparision with male patients, also in this research, we show that Imipenem displayed most effective antimicrobial agents with sensitivity percent of 94.12%, while the lowest one is Cephalothin with sensitivity percent of 0.00%, and 43 isolates of all K. pneumoniae isolates are multidrug-resistant (MDR), of these only 5 isolates are harboring integron-class2 gene. Conclusions: High prevalence of MDR K. pneumoniae in Al-Najaf hospitals and only 5 of these isolates are harboring integron-class2 gene. Imipenem best antimicrobial agents for K. pneumonia.

Background: Class 2 Integron were most frequently associated with types of Enterobacteriaceae family example K. pneumoniae. Objectives: The aims were to work out antibiotic susceptibility, resistance patterns and sophistication 2 Integron gene among K. pneumoniae Isolated from UTI Infections in Al-Najaf hospitals/Iraq. Materials and methods: one hundred and fifty three K. pneumoniae isolates (non duplicate) were "collected from patients admitted to" the middle Kidney diseases and trasplantation in Al-Najaf during January 2020 to June 2020 and diagnosed to be had tract infections by K. pneumoniae, also of these isolated cultured on MacConkey agar, traditional biochemical test were used for primary identification and VITEK-2 system was wont to confirmed K. pneumoniae isolates suspected then disc diffusion method wont to identification Multidrug-Resistantand therefore the presence of sophistication 2 Integron was investigaed by PCR. Results: The results of the present research elucidate that more than two-thirds of K .pneumoniae infections in female patients in comparision with male patients, also in this research, we show that Imipenem displayed most effective antimicrobial agents with sensitivity percent of 94.12%, while the lowest one is Cephalothin with sensitivity percent of 0.00%, and 43 isolates of all K. pneumoniae isolates are multidrug-resistant (MDR), of these only 5 isolates are harboring integron-class2 gene. Conclusions: High prevalence of MDR K. pneumoniae in Al-Najaf hospitals and only 5 of these isolates are harboring integron-class2 gene. Imipenem best antimicrobial agents for K. pneumonia.

Ebola virus causes disease, previously known as the hemorrhagic fever, is a menace routinely lethal sickness triggered by infection per the Filoviridae family's Ebola virus. The Ebola virus (EBOV) is feast by commerce by means of the blood or bodily fluids of someone who has contracted or died from EVD, as well as contaminated things like as needles, animals that was infected, otherwise bush meat. EVD takes two days to three weeks’ incubation period then an rushed inception devoid of the need for a carrier status. A flu-like syndrome is characterized by a rapid onset of high fever, chills, and myalgia, among other clinical signs. It's generally identified by a combination of clinical symptoms, including start of disease, high fevers lasting fewer than 3 weeks, and as a minimum 2 hemorrhagic symptoms in spite of no predisposing causes. This is usually enough evidence for physicians to suspect EHF and start supportive therapy until test findings confirm the virus. Patients first show with nonspecific influenza similar symptoms before succumbing to shock and several organ failures. severe bleeding problems and several organ failures are the leading causes of death. For the reason that there is presently not any conventional rehabilitation for EVD, this one is perilous to minimize contagion and the virus's transmission. Supportive treatment for patients includes maintaining fluid balance, electrolyte balance, hypertension, and oximetry, beside that treatment consequences arise after secondary infections. This review gives a comprehensive summary of the Ebola virus. Keywords: Ebola virus disease; Ebola hemorrhagic fever; diagnosis; treatment

Abstract: This study is concentrated for isolation and identification of 17Proteus mirabilis isolates out of 135clinical samples from patients attending to Hilla teaching Hospital during a period from October 2014 toFebruary 2015. The isolates obtained from patients with urinary tract infections have been 11(64.7%), whereasthat from patients with ear infection 3(17.6%). Besides, the isolates obtained from patients with diarrhea,wound and vaginal infection that each case has percentage 1(5.9%). The isolates obtained have been culturedon selective media and identified by biochemical reaction.Some important virulence factor to P. mirabilis was detected by using molecular techniques include PCR and itwas found that only 3(%18) of isolates gave positive result for ure C at 533bp, 6(%35) of them gave positiveresult for mrpA at 565bp, 7(%41) of them gave positive result for pm1at 563bp, 8(%47) of them gave positiveresult for luxS at 464bp, 9(%53) of them gave positive result for rsbA at 467bp.Keywords: P. mirabilis, PCR, virulence factors gene (ureC, mrpA, pm1,luxS and rsbA (

ackground: To evaluate the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines for Th1/Th2 brucellosis patients serum to determine antimicrobial susceptibilities of Brucella strains. Methodology: The study comprised 35 individuals with acute brucellosis, and 21 patients with chronic brucellosis, identified clinically. A group of 20 healthy adult persons was also enrolled in the study. For all of the participants, blood cultures and standard tube agglutination tests for Brucella were performed. ELISA was used to detect cytokine levels in serum samples collected following the treatment period and detect Brucella strains celebrated from different sites of infection, and in order to find-out the susceptibilities against antibiotics including rifampicin (RIF), streptomycin (STR), doxycycline (DOX), and ciprofloxacin (CIP) via the gradient strip (E test). Results: The patients included 22 (39.29 percent) males and 34 (60.71 percent) females based on their gender and age. Fever was the most common clinical feature (92%), sweating came in second place (75%), followed by back pain with 18%. Patients with brucellosis had substantially higher blood levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interferon (IFN), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) analogous to the control group (P = 0.05). IL-4 and IL-2 levels between the sick and control groups did not vary significantly. The amounts of these cytokines were found to be identical in acute and chronic individuals. Rendering to "minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) 90 levels," CIP was determined to be the most effective antibiotic. Then followed DOX and then STR, correspondingly. All of the samples were CIP and DOX susceptible; 18 (23.2%) strains were discovered to be only mildly sensitive to RIF, with MIC50 and MIC90 maximal values. Conclusions: Our findings point to an important role for IFN and proinflammatory cytokines in brucellosis pathogenesis. However, these changes were shown to be unrelated to the severity or activity of the illness. Furthermore, all strains were identified as Brucella strains. ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, rifampicin and streptomycin were found to be effective for the treatment of brucellosis. Key words: Antimicrobial Susceptibilities; Brucellosis; Cytokines; Interferon; Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines