خالدة كاظم عباس الكلابي

Abstract: Objectives: The present study was planned for detection of the frequency of genes that is responsible for enterotoxin excretion in S. aureus isolated from dermal lesions of atopic dermatitis (AD) cases in AL-Najaf city, and to evaluate the single and combined existence of enterotoxins coding genes. Methodology: A total of 54 Staphylococcus aureus isolates were applied to polymerase chain reaction specific for the amplification of various genes coding for Staphylococcal enterotoxins including 3 types (sea,seb and sec) with two sets each. Results: As a result of DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction directed to amplify the specific enterotoxin coding genes; The seb-6 gene was the most frequent gene , since it was detected in average of 8:36(22.22%), followed by the two sets of sec (sec-11 and sec-15) genes that comprised an equal average of 7:36(19.44%) each. Sea-2 gene set was detected in 6:36 (16.7%) , while the lowest detection was seen for sea-1 and seb-7 since they were detected in 4:36(11.1%)each. Our results showed that single frequency was comprised 23:36 (63.9 %), while the combined frequency was detected in 13:36(36.1%). The most frequent enterotoxin coding genes as a combined were sec-15 (19.44%), sea-2 (8.3%). Most single existence of replicated gene was detected for seb-6 and sec-11 (19.44%) and (16.7%) respectively. Our results showed that absolutely single frequency was related to sea-1 gene(11.11%), while the absolutely combined frequency was seen in sec-15 (19.44%). Conclusions: Polymerase chain reaction and use of designed primers are important technique for the detection of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins (A, B and C), and seb-6 gene was the most frequent gene. Key words: Multiplex PCR, S.aureus, primers, atopic dermatitis

ABSTRACT Many efforts had been focused on the therapeutic approach of cancer for a long time by studying cytotoxic nanoparticles' activities. In this study, a mix of PVA 60% and PVP 35 %, with 5% reinforced bioceramic triple (ZnO, MgO, Tio2) was applied against LS 174T colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line. This study was planned to evaluate MZT cytotoxicity by thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) cytotoxicity test on LS 174T cell line in compared with chemotherapeutic drugs that were included Doxorubicin (DOX) and 5-flourouracil (5FU). These nanoparticles were purchased from Skyspring Nanomaterials, Inc. USA, with 10-30 nm in diameter and 99.8%.purity. The size was further confirmed with X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results showed that MZT nanocomposite was effectively and significantly inhibited the cell proliferation (p<0.0005) by decreasing the viability of LS 174T cells at different concentrations involved 1, 10, 100, 1000 and 2000 μg/ml, with 5.698 μg/ml half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of. DOX and 5FU IC50 values were 27.409 μg/ml and 62.84 μg/ml, respectively. It was concluded that MZT nanocomposite have an anticancer effect against LS 174T colorectal carcinoma and this type of cell line was good enough for applying MTT cytotoxicity assay. Keywords:LS 174T colorectal adenocarcinoma, Cell culture, MTT Assay, Nanoparticles.

ABSTRACT The conventional drug delivery system has serious limitations. These limitations can be overcome by using the smart materials to produce an effective drug delivery system. Corn starch cross-linked chitosan using potassium persulfate as an accelerator with different ratios of corn starch/chitosan blends were prepared as smart materials for drug delivery system. The hydroxyurea drug was loaded in smart materials blends to evaluate the efficacy of new materials on therapy of Rhabdomyosarcoma cancer cell line (RD). The FT-IR results revealed that the reaction was occurred between blends materials (starch/chitosan). SEM tests illustrated that the different morphologies were obtained in blend films surface. The rate of drug release was sensitive to pH and significantly increased at pH 2.2 as compared to pH 7.4. Furthermore, the percentage of swelling was higher in acidic solution than in neutral solution. It was concluded that the starch/chitosan smart materials may be suitable for medical applications like drug delivery system to RD cell line as confirmed by the availability and morphology test of RD cell line. Keywords: Starch, Chitosan, Drug Release, Rhabdomyosarcoma Cancer, Hydroxyurea

Abstract Cancer is one of the most mortal diseases in the world .This work was planned to prepare a new chemical cross linking starch/gum Arabic hydrogel system in the presence of potassium persulfate(K2S2O8)as initiator, to describe the characteristic of the new material , and to investigate its potential utilizations in controlled drug delivery and cancer therapy. Crosslinked starch /gum Arabic hydrogel will be manufacture with changeable levels of starch and gum Arabic then were loaded with hydroxyurea. The structure of the native starch and starch/gum Arabic blends was characterized by FTIR, SEM. The starch and starch/gum Arabic blends were analyzed for in vitro drug release studies by using UV-vis spectroscopy. The swelling test, MTT assay were also investigated. The drug release and swelling test was monitored at pH 4 and pH7.4. The experimental results proved that the production of starch/gum Arabic blends was reduced the swell ability which lead to slow release of hydroxyurea, and the rate of hydroxyurea release was significantly higher at pH 7.4 than pH4, at constant incubation time. The swelling ratio and drug release of the blends was decreased with increasing gum Arabic levels. In vitro cytotoxicity study show the killing of 63% colorectal cancer cells at 500µg/ml of hydroxyurea concentration while the 49% destruction of cells require for the starch/gum Arabic/hydroxyurea blends at the same concentration and after 24hr of incubation. The sustained released of hydroxyurea-loaded starch/gum Arabic blend shows much better anticancer efficacy thereby, revealing a novels vehicle for the treatments of cancer. Keywords: Starch, Gum Arabic, Hydroxyurea, Controlled release drugs

ABSTRACT This study was planned to evaluate the prevalence and immunological aspects of Herpse simplex virus2 (HSV2) in the semen of men with genitourinary tract infection compared with control group in Al-Najaf City /Iraq. The attempts to investigate the sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among individuals inhabit in highly restricted religions society could consider a difficult mission, therefore, this paper could provided a novel information about the status of that subject. Primarily, 115 semen samples were collected from cases of genitourinary tract infections, their ages ranged from 20-65 years old during the period from May to October 2015.Fifty samples were also obtained from a comparable 50 healthy persons, all investigated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). RT-PCR directed to certify HSV2 infections. Age groups it was comprised 20:40(50%) with significant statistical differences (p<0.05). The investigation of certain immunological parameters as Interleukine-2 (IL-2), Tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α) and secretory Immunoglobulin (sIgA) revealed elevation during the HSV2 infection but without significant statistical differences (p> 0.05). We concluded that HSV2 is positively correlated and the patient age may play an important role in increasing the frequency of genitourinary tract infection. RT(PCR)is complementary to cell culture technique in diagnosis of HSV, and it`s preferred to use specific primers of viral virulence factors and different cell lines for monitoring viral pathogenicity and therapeutic approaches is recommend to study . Keywords: Herpes simlexvirus2, immunological parameters, real time PCR, Semen

Abstract Many efforts have focused on the therapeutic approach of cancer for a long time by studying cytotoxic activities of plant constituents. This study was planned to evaluate cytotoxicity of Nitrochalcone derivative (NCD) on rhabdomyosarcoma cell line (RMS) as compared with methotrexate and Doxorubicin, then assessment of monoterpene combination with NCD. The results of current study were showed that NCD was effectively inhibited the cell proliferation by decreasing the viability of RMS cells at different concentrations involved 0.5, 2.5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 μg/ml with IC50 of 2.117μg/ml, while Doxorubicin (DOX) and Methotrexate (MTX) IC50 values were 0.553μg/ml and 0.8708μg/ml respectively. This study was also revealed combined effect of NCD with monoterpene (IC50 = 2.0667). We concluded that NCD have an anticancer effect that can be modulated by monoterpenes. Keywords: Nitrochalcone derivative; Cytotoxicity assay; RMS cell line