kifah Fadhil Hassoon Al-Shabaa

Antibiotic resistance is a significant issue that represent a global challenge. Hence, it has been urgent and crucial to find suitable interventions to control the spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria. Plants, on the other hand are considered as the main alternative to enhance or replace drug candidates. One of them in this context is the oily palm leaves methanolic extract. It has been found to exert antioxidant properties owing to its constituents (phenolic compounds) such as tannins and flavonoids. The study involved the determination of MIC and MBC along with the synergism effect induced by a range of concentrations of leaves oil. For E. coli, the MBC value was at a concentration of 100 mg/ml while highly resistant E. coli in concentration 50, 25, 12.5 and 6.25mg/ml. For salmonella the MBC value was at a concentration of 50 mg/ml while MIC at 200mg/ml. it can be concluded that the combination of leaves oils with antibiotics can be effective against resistant strains to traditional antibiotics.

Antibiotic resistance is a significant issue that represent a global challenge. Hence, it has been urgent and crucial to find suitable interventions to control the spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria. Plants, on the other hand are considered as the main alternative to enhance or replace drug candidates. One of them in this context is the oily palm leaves methanolic extract. It has been found to exert antioxidant properties owing to its constituents (phenolic compounds) such as tannins and flavonoids. The study involved the determination of MIC and MBC along with the synergism effect induced by a range of concentrations of leaves oil. For E. coli, the MBC value was at a concentration of 100 mg/ml while highly resistant E. coli in concentration 50, 25, 12.5 and 6.25mg/ml. For salmonella the MBC value was at a concentration of 50 mg/ml while MIC at 200mg/ml. it can be concluded that the combination of leaves oils with antibiotics can be effective against resistant strains to traditional antibiotics.

Introduction: Pediculosis is a common health problem. Many studies had implemented to show prevalence of head lice infestation, but assessment of knowledge and awareness level regarding it, had never been studied in Najaf. The present study designed to be the first investigation at this topic. Objectives & Methods: Questionnaires were answered by 300 biology department students their ages (18-24) years during February-May in 2020 in Najaf Province. Multinomial regression models were used to analyze the predictor variables of pediculosis students’ knowledge. Results: Out of 300 participants included, (98%) correctly answered about prevention & eradication, (88.0%) about infectivity aspects which considered a good informative level. Moderate level of information about lice biology (71.3%), transmission and clinical features (64.3%). While infestation likelihood (58.3%), and treatment (52.3%) aspects appeared mild awareness level toward pediculosis, lice survival aspects (40.5%) showed a weak knowledge level. (82.3%) of the participants felt ashamed if their child/ren or family member/s infested with pediculosis. Conclusions: The overall percentage of correct answers was about 67.13%, it is substandard knowledge level regarding pediculosis in the present study

Theileria & Babesia species are tick-borne haemoprotozoan parasites of vertebrates that had a chief force on domestic animals production, mainly cattle and small ruminants in tropical and subtropical areas. The diseases are still closely related to huge economic losses particularly in developing countries and Iraq; therefore, the aim of study is to determine tick-borne haemoprotozoan parasites infection in cattle of various ages based on ME and genetic methods from different regions in Al-najaf province of Iraq. Materials & methods: A total of 150 blood samples were collected from February 2015 to February in 2016. Prevalence of infection was determined by Stained blood smears were microscopically examined for the presence of Theileria and Babesia organisms, and PCR was used for subsequent molecular specification hypervariable V4 region of the 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene was amplified with a set of primers for members of the genera Theileria and Babesia. Results: PCR identified infection in 69.3 % (104/150) of the samples. There was a significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) in the infection rate according to the tests.The Prevalence identified in cattle Theileria prevalence was 61.9% (78/126), and prevalence of Babesia was 20.6% (26/126) & the last one was less frequently detected. The results also suggest that the demographical picture of samples according to location & age, the Present results showed that the highest ratio in Al- meshkab (south of Al-najaf) was (27.8%). While the results showed that the age group between 2 to 3 years was the most vulnerable age group to piroplasms was recorded 58(46%), followed by age group (1- 2) years 42 (33.3%). Conclusions: the cattle in Al-najaf province were bearing the infection of piroplasmosis and recommended that the epidemiological condition calling for using more than two tests like microscopic examinations & PCR or ME & serological methods together.

تعريف العدوى الثابتة مثل تلك التي ال يتم مسح الفيروس لكنها ال تزال في خاليا معينة من الحيوانات المصابة . قد تؤدي الى االلتهابات المستمرة ومن مراحل العدوى على حد سواء الساكن ومنتج دون قتل الحيوان المصاب بسرعة أو إنتاج الضرر المفرط للخاليا المضيفة . الهدف من الدراسة : هو معرفة العالقة بين االمراض الفيروسية الثابتة للحيوانات واالعالف والعليقة المصنعة review systemic نوع الدراسة : تجميع الدراسات المتعلقة بالموضوع طريقة العمل : خوفا من حدوث هكذا أمراض في الثروة الحيوانية لما للغذاء عالقة في ذلك لكون االمراض مثل هكذا نوع تتطلب سنوات للمتابعة وكذلك الحالت الوبائية تظهر في البالد المنتجة والمصدرة لألغذية الحيوانية خالل سنوات ظهور الوباء .تحليل المواد الغذائية وإعادة تكييف. التوصيات : 1-ال توجد طرق للكشف العملية، في الوقت الحاضر. على شكل غير طبيعي مقاومة لمعظم المعالجات الحرارية والكيميائية prion 2 -البريون 3 -عمليات التصنيع معين الغذائية ال يؤدي إلى انخفاض كبير في العدوى بريون من خالل االستبعاد. 4-ال توجد وسيلة معروفة من إعادة تكييف األطعمة الملوثة. المفتاح لحماية األغذية هو الحصول على لحوم األبقار واللحوم المنتجات الثانوية من الحيوانات غير المصابين بمرض جنون البقر وحماية ضد تلوث الغذاء مع األنسجة ذات المخاطر العالية، وخاصة أنسجة المخ والحبل الشوكي االستنتاج: من مجموعة الدراسات المتتابعة وجد ان االعالف المحضرة من مخلفات الحيوانات مثل الدم والعظام والمخ وغيرها تودي الى نقل االصابة الى الحيوانات المستهلكة كما تنتقل االصابة الى االنسان عند استهلكه للحوم المصابة .

Brucellosis, Undulant fever, Mediterranean fever or Malta fever is different wards for one disease which is an infectious disease caused by a type of bacteria called Brucella , that are almost invariably transmitted by direct or indirect contact with infected animals or their products. Additionally, human brucellosis has a serious medical impact worldwide, which affects people of all age groups and of both sexes. The eradication poses major difficulties because this disease is largely under diagnosed and underreported. Furthermore, brucellosis in human beings is rarely fatal; it can be severely debilitating and disabling. A renewed scientific interest in human brucellosis has been fuelled by its recent re-emergence and enhanced surveillance in many areas of the world because of regarding the disease as a class B bioterrorist agent and remains the world’s most common bacterial zoonosis. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the period from March, 2013 to March, 2014 to estimate seroprevalence of brucellosis and identify risk factors associated with human Brucella infections in Al-Najaf province (n=523) .Samples were collected from both sexes and between (16 -47) years of age with clinical symptoms suggestive of brucellosis such as fever, sweating, myalgia ,weakness and among intimate contact history with individuals who were infected or their family members are infected with brucellosis . Blood divided into parts , one for serum perpetrated .Sera were screened for presence of anti-Brucella antibodies using Rose Bengal Test (RBT) and positive samples were confirmed using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) both IgM & IgG .Another part anti-coagulant one used for Real-time PCR (Rt-PCR). Seroprevalence was estimated were 172(32, 9%), 351 (67 %) and 90(25,6 %) by RBPT, IgG –ELISA and IgM -ELISA respectively. Ninety samples that positive results in RBPT, IgG, IgM –ELISA were taken for Rt-PCR to confirm the diagnosis of Brucella , only 35 (38,9%) were recorded positive and compared to the Apparently healthy Control group (90). However , this distribution was found to be statistically significant (p=0.001). Seroprevalence no different according to sex which having seroprevalence (54 %) compared to males (43%). Differently, seroprevalence varied according to age groups, with the age category 16-25 years recording the highest (61%). The study recorded relatively low Brucella seroprevalence in rural area recorded 70 (38.9%), compared to the urban area recorded 110(61%). That suggested may be due to persistence involve multiple social and ecological factors like varies geographic regions; management factors; population density; biological features such as immunity as well as the randomly usage of antibiotic lead to the high levels of antibiotic resistance.

Within the scientific activities of the College of Veterinary Medicine, Prof. Dr. Kifah Fadel Hassoun in our college participated in the discussion committee for doctoral student Firas Ali Muhammad at the University of Babylon / faculty of Medicine, specializing in medical microbiology, under the title

Thursday 27/1/2020, the meeting of the Central Committee for Educational Guidance and Psychological Guidance was held in the faculty, headed by the Dean of the College, to discuss reports submitted by members of the sub-committees.