Kawther Rahi Dalol Alkashi

Abstract This study was conducted to test the effect of the interaction of acidophilus Lactobacillus and baking leaves extract and alcoholic aloe vera in reducing the growth of Aspergillus niger, the prone to rot of eggplant fruits after harvest. The results of the Lactobacillus acidophilus test on eight pathogenic isolates from A.niger showed that the efficacy of bacteria in inhibiting the growth of pathogenic fungi varied according to the fungal isolate. The bacteria had the highest efficiency against A.n8 isolation, which resulted in a percentage of inhibition of 66.67%, while the lowest inhibition rate (42.22%) was recorded in A.n5 isolation compared to the control treatment. The results also showed that either the alcohol extract for baker and aloe vera and for all concentrations under test (20%, 10%, 5%, 1%) resulted in a complete inhibition of the pathogenic growth of the pathogen. The treatment of the interaction of control bacteria and baker and aloe vera extract with a concentration of 5% resulted in complete inhibition of the fungus on the PDA medium after 10 days of incubation, while the lowest percentage of inhibition of the fungus (82.22%) resulted from the treatment of overlapping bacteria and aloe vera extract. Upon testing the above factors in reducing fungal rot on the wounded eggplant fruits and treatment with pathogenic mushrooms, the results showed that the treatment of bacterial interference, baker extract and aloe vera 5% led to the protection and healing of the wounds that were caused and which prevented any symptoms of infection from the fungus and kept the fruits in their healthy appearance and acceptable color even after 10 days of storage in laboratory conditions.

Abstract: Soft rot disease of potatoes is an important disease that causes a major problem in potato fruit storage. Studies have focused on trying to prevent or reduce its occurrence through agricultural and preventive methods away from pesticides as much as possible in terms of food security or food safety because the disease is related to tubers that are consumed directly. The results showed that bacteria can grow at a wide range of temperatures (5-35°C). Among the most influential experiments on the growth and development of bacterial cells was the micronutrient experiment, where the growth inhibition rate was (5.5) compared to the control treatment, which was (0). Also, the effect of well water with an EC of (8.7) was clear on the number of growing colonies, where the rate of increasing colonies was (294) colonies when compared to the control treatment, which had some colonies (754). There are some micronutrients such as copper, which harm soft rot bacteria P. carotovorum, such as copper. Where he demonstrated its effectiveness in nano-use by conducting some important tests on it such as TEM, EDS, and XRD tests. In studying some properties of nano-composites.

ABSTRACT The study determined the effect of alcoholic extract of common purslane, Portulaca oleracea, Java grass, and Cyperus rotundus oil in controlling the two-spotted spider mite on okra plants. The results of laboratory experiments showed the efficiency of purslane alcoholic extract was highly toxic to adult mites, but its effect was limited on eggs. In contrast, Cyperus oil was highly effective against mite eggs and adults. Cyperus oil gave the highest mortality of 86.94%, with significant differences from the purslane extract, where 68.61% mortality was observed and differed significantly from the control treatment. An increase in mortality increased with concentration, and the highest mortality of 95.83% was achieved at 5%, compared to the mortality of 59.58% at 1% treatment. The ovicidal activity was significant after the C. rotundus oil treatment compared to the purslane extract application. Cyperus oil reduced egg hatching by 42.50%. However, purslane extract did not affect the hatching significantly (91.70% hatching) and was not significantly different from the control. In general, the hatching rate decreased with increasing concentration of Cyperus oil and was only 40% at the 5% treatment compared to 60 and 96.70% at 1% treatment and controls, respectively.

Abstract. This study was conducted in 2022 in the laboratories of the College of Agriculture / University of Kufa, and aimed to use various agricultural residues to grow the mushroom Agaricus bisporus, in addition to using the same plant residues as biological fertilizers for plant growth. It was found that the growth medium prepared from wheat straw led to the best radial growth rate of white mushroom A. bisporus, after 6 days of inoculation, followed by rice straw and rice husks media. The results showed that the vegetative growth of A. bisporus is not pathogenic to the seeds of cress, wheat and barley and did not cause the seed rot. The results showed that there was an increase in the percentage of protein, fiber and chitinase enzyme in wheat straw decomposed by the mushrooms compared to the normal straw not treated with mushrooms. The antagonism of edible mushroom A. bisporus with a number of pathogenic fungi was tested on P.S.A. It was found that mushrooms had a high antagonism that of level 2 according to the Bell scale against the pathogenic fungi Alternaria sp, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium sp and Fusarium solani, and of level 3 against Aspergillus niger, after 5 days of growth on the medium.