Kareem Ghali Mohamed Aljayashi

ABSTRACT The present study aims to assess the role of NK-cell in the prognosis of NSCLC. Samples and Methods: A total of sixty newly diagnosed patients with NSCLC were included in this study. Fifteen of them were female and (45) male and then patients were followed up for six months. The diagnosis is revised by the supervisor Oncologist. ELISA technique was used to investigate the two immunological variables (NK & INF-γ). The results show, the mean of NK cell significantly increased from as small as (8.016) among NSCLC cases with an early stage to as high as (14.293) among cases with advanced stages (P =0.001), while in INF-γ test,the quantity of INF-γ was decreased gradually in a mean of (0.13) among metastatic stages of pulmonary cancer compared with an early stage where mean about (0.229); P=0.001. Furthermore, the linear correlation coefficients show there isa strong positive correlation between NK cell very strong positive relationship between the level of NK cell (NKG2A/CD94) and staging (r= 0.608). Meanwhile, strong negative linear correlation coefficients that mean the level of INF-γ decrease with a bad prognosis of NSCLC patients (r= - 0.486). Moreover, by using Kaplan-Mier test the mortality rate of NSCLC patients increased (45% & 59%) with high levels of NK cells concentration respectively during a maximum of six months follow up periods. Meanwhile,the cumulative proportion of deaths in NSCLC patients at six months increased with the lowest tercile of INF-γ (60%). A high expressionof NKG2A/CD94 of CD56bright CD16- in peripheral blood of NSCLC patients correlates with bad prognosis which may be used as the prognostic marker while a high level of INF- γ refers to the good prognosis.Low cytotoxicity of NK correlated with a low level of INF-γ and both of them decreased in concentration after three and six months of follow up post- treatments. Keywords: Natural killer, NKG2A/CD94, INF-γ, NSCLC Correspondence: Nasser Ghaly Yousif Department of Medicine, Medical School, Al – Muthanna University, Iraq E-mail: [email protected] DOI: 10.31838/srp.2020.4.81 @Advanced Scientific Research. All rights reserved

ABSTRACT Background: In many countries, urinary tract infection (UTI) considered as one of the most recurrent problem caused by many types of multi-drug resistance bacteria. Objective: Phenotypic detection of antibiotic susceptibility patterns of gram negative bacteria isolated from patients with urinary tract infection in Al-Kufa City, Iraq. Materials and methods: One hundred and five urine samples were collected from patients infected with UTI. Kirby-Bauer method was done to investigate the antibiotic susceptibility testing for each bacterial isolate. Results: One hundreds of four bacterial strains were grown. Escherichia coli (E.coli) is the most prevalence one 46 (43.8%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (K.pneumoniae) 29 (27.6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) 14 (13.3%), Citrobacter freundii (C. freundii) 11 (10.5%) and 5 urine samples (4.8%) were without growth. The antibiotic imipenem had excellent effect against most isolates. While, third generation cephalosporins and amoxicillin provided low antibacterial effect against most bacteria. Conclusions: Urinary tract infection caused by gram negative bacteria became big problem due to their ability to resist many classes of antibiotics. Therefore, must be make antibiotic susceptibility test recurrently to avoid this problem. Keywords: Phenotypic, Antimicrobials, UTI, E.coli , K.pneumoniae , P. aeruginosa, C. freundii

Elevated fibroblast growth factor 21(FGF21) was suggested in cross-sectional studies as an indicator of subclinical diabetic nephropathy. We investigated whether serum FGF21 was predictive of the early stage of diabetic nephropathy. The present paper aims mainly to demonstrate the correlation of FGF21 with the degree of proteinuria in type 2 diabetic patients (T2DM). One hundred twenty four participants diagnosed with T2DM were recruited and they were divided into three study groups according to their albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR): (Normo albumin urea group, Micro albumin urea group, and Macro albumin urea group).Samples of blood and urine were collected to measure different glycemic control and kidney function markers. We conclude that significant correlation between FGF21 with Albuminuria (*p = < 0.001), mean FGF21was highest in macro albumin urea followed by micro albumin urea and lastly Normo albumin urea

OBJECTIVES: to evaluate the detection rate and treatment outcomes among TB (tuberculosis) patients in Al-Najaf TB center and compare these outcomes with WHO (World Health Organization) targets. METHODOLOGY: Cohort study was conducted during the period between January 2012 to December 2012, for patients attending TB center in AL-Najaf Province. The collected data were analyzed for treatment and retreatment outcomes, treatment and retreatment success rates. RESULTS: 162 TB cases were enrolled in the present study, and the patients were distributed according to age into seven age groups. The young and middle age groups (15-24 and 25-34 years interval) showed higher frequencies of cases (20.4% and 23.5%, respectively) than other age groups. The male to female ratio was 1.7:1. The case detection rate was 34.6% as only 56 out of 162 cases were sputum-smear positive for AFB (acid-fast bacilli), and they were followed in the present study. Treatment outcomes—cured, completed treatment, defaulter, treatment failure, died and transfer out of 56 patients are 69.6%, 9%, 16%, 3.6%, 0.0% and 1.8%, respectively, whereas retreatment outcomes—cured, completed treatment, defaulter, treatment failure, died and transfer out are 50%, 0.0%, 50%, 0.0%, 0.0%, 0.0%, respectively. The DOTS (directly observed treatment short course) treatment success rate 75% and the retreatment success rate was 49%. CONCLUSION: All the estimations of detection rate, success rate of treatment and retreatment outcomes were lower than that of WHO targets. RECOMMENDATIONS: Improving success rate through overcoming obstacles that prevent regular drug supply, execution regular surveys to evaluate the performance of DOTS programme, community-based health education programmes about the role of DOTS strategy in improving treatment success rate.