جواد محمد اسماعيل الاسدي

Globally more than 100 million SNPs in populations. These variations approximately 4–5 million SNPs in a people genome, occur almost every 1000 nucleotides on average and present either unique or in many in individuals. They can act as genetic signs, associated with illness and respond to chemicals and drugs. SNPs occurrence within or near a gene play important role in disease throughout affecting gene task. Frequently many protocols have been used to study single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) among human variants genome. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), Amplification refractory mutation system PCR(ARMS-PCR), sequencing and SNaPshot assays considered familial methods. The potential risk of contamination after PCR is common due to further other steps. In this direction, a high resolution melting (HRM) real-time PCR method is an alternative, reducing the post-PCR transferring steps. uVariants is clarified as appropriate website for designing primers used for SNP recognition by easy and inexpensive protocol called HRM. The researchers can focus on the interest of reference SNP ID number, or “rs” ID to avoid loss time. In this article description how to uses uVariants website for primer design used in HRM technique. Aims: To describe uVariants and uDesign software, application and usefulness of HRM technique primer design in the genotyping SNPs among people and public health. Accessibility and requirements: uVariants and uDesign are freely accessible at: https://www.dna.utah.edu/ variants/;https://www.dna.utah.edu/udesign/app.php respectively. The network server supports the browsers: Chrome, Firefox, Torch, CoolNovo, 360 Browser, Internet Explorer, Opera, and Safari.

Abstract . The idea for this work was to assess the frequency of lipid profile in patients at the clinical chemistry laboratory of Al-Sader Medical city in An Najaf/Iraq from January to April 2018. Methods: The current work was conducted in clinical chemistry laboratory, Al-Sader medical city , An-Najaf, Iraq after institutional ethical approval and informed, to describe an observational and analytical study of outpatients, between January 2018 and April 2018. A total outpatient number of 820 who were visit the medical city for either check up or complain from an abnormal health state were involved in the this study. Age and sex of patients were ≥ 18 years ( 404male, 414 female). Results: Triglyceride levels and HDL –c levels were associated with gender and age not associated with occupational class or deprivation category. This contributed to the prevalence of hyperlipidemia. Conclusions: The findings of this study hyperlipidemia affects on the large number of Najaf population. This study suggest the variations in lipid profile association with gender and age may be largely attributed to potentially modifiable factors such as obesity, physical activity and dietary intake. Keywords: Lipid profile, Lipoprotein, Dyslipidemia, Iraq

Abstract The purpose of this study is to assess the SNP (rs2279115; - 938 C>A) polymorphism in the BCL-2 gene of Iraqi leukemic patients. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) gene is considered to be related with leukemia improvement. The single nucleotide polymorphism “(SNP; -938 C>A)” of BCL-2 was discovered a few years ago. In accordance with the SNP’s (rs2279115) function against leukemia, we evaluated the distribution frequency of the allele in addition to the relationship of the genotype with clinicopathological features. This study involved a case-control design in which the BCL-2 gene promoter polymorphism with the rs2279115 variant was genotyped in a total of 230 individuals, including 120 leukemia patients and 110 healthy subjects, to predict the variation in leukemic Iraqi patients. The patient group was enrolled from the Medical Euphrates Center for Oncology in the Najaf province that is involved in the WHO strategy of leukemia. From whole categories of blood, the DNA was extracted and genotyped using the BccI enzyme and the RFLP- PCR technique. The occurrences of the CC, AC, and AA alleles of the promoter BCL-2 gene polymorphism (C-938A) in leukemia patients were 38 (32%), 55 (46%), and 27 (22.5%), respectively, while control they were 46 (42%), 54 (49.1%), and 10 (9.1%), respectively in the control group (P<0.01). It was shown that the existence of the A allele in the SNP (rs2279115) in the BCL-2 gene promoter was related to an increased risk for the development of leukemia in the Iraqi population. The minor allele (A) in (rs2279115) of BCL-2 gene was significantly elevated (p<0.01) in leukemia patients (22.5%) as compared with healthy individuals (9.1%). Accordingly, the homozygous genotype AA (OR=3.27, CI 95% 1.41-7.60, P= 0.01) significantly augmented the risk of leukemia development by more than three times when compared with those of reference wild-type AA. The results of this study indicated that the AA genotype of BCL-2 (-938C>A) was associated with a predisposition to leukemia in the Iraqi population. Keywords: Leukemia, BCL-2, SNP, Cancer, Iraq.

Background As cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Adiponectin have substantial anti-inflammatory properties and to be a major modulator of insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Higher levels of adiponectin are associated with a reduced risk for cardiovascular diseases among diabetic patients. Objective To study the adiponectin levels in type 2 diabetic with and without cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and to establish a relationship of adiponectin levels with cardiovascular complications of in T2DM patients. Patients and Method This cross-sectional/analytical study which included 573 individuals, 373 patients with T2DM (220 of whom had both T2DM and CVD) and 200 healthy control. Serum adiponectin levels were analyzed by ELISA. Results The results revealed significant difference in serum adiponectin levels between patients had T2DM with CVD and T2DM without CVD (6.90± 2.35 vs. 5.46± 2.25, P = 0.000) and between patients with T2DM and control (6.90± 2.35 vs. 8.78± 2.92, P = 0.000). T2DM females and males with CVD revealed significantly low serum adiponectin levels (5.91± 2.39, 5.10± 2.06) as compared to T2DM without CVD (7.40± 2.49, 6.31± 2.04), respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed a higher cardiovascular risk (OR=1.73, 95% CI: 1.42-2.11, P=0.000) in T2DM individuals when adiponectin levels were decreased. Conclusion Serum adiponectin levels are significantly reduced in T2DM with CVD as compared to T2DM without CVD. Adiponectin levels may be potentially used as marker for cardiovascular risk in T2DM patients. KEYWORDS: Adiponectin Level, Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus, Cardiovascular Disease

Abstract – Background : Ribonuclease (RNase) are widely distributed in various organs and body fluids, including serum, urine, saliva, and cerebrospinal fluid. Small amounts of extracellular (( exocrine)) forms of this enzyme are secreted by the normal human pancreases into the gut, have observed increased levels of serum RNase in a series of patients with cancer of ovary. They have suggested that this might represent increased enzyme synthesis by proliferating tumor cell within the ovary. Objective : The aim of this study was to evaluate acid and alkaline RNase activities in serum of women presented with benign and malignant ovarian tumors with respect to these of healthy women. Method : A total of twenty nine women patients (15 women with benign ovarian tumor and 14 women with malignant ovarian tumors) were included.. Their age were 28-60 years the two groups were compared with a group of age matched (16 healthy women). Five milliliter of blood samples were obtained from patients by vein puncture just before surgery, as well as the from healthy women. Protein concentration was determined for patients and healthy individuals, and RNase activity for both the acid and alkaline forms were estimated by spectrophotometric methods with yeast RNase as the substrate. Results : Results revealed that patients group with ovarian malignancy had significant increase (p<0001) in both serum alkaline and acid RNase activity when compared with patients of benign tumors and the control group. There were significant (p<0.05).increases in serum alkaline and acid RNase specific activities, in women with ovarian cancer when compared with women of benign tumors and the control group. Conclusion : Estimation of alkaline and acid RNase activity is a promising approach for the detecting of ovarian cancer