دكتور جميل جري يوسف الحميداوي

The current study conducted during the period from October 2019 to April 2020 in the Department of Biology/ Faculty of Education for Girls/ University of Kufa , which aims to investigate the association of infection with the Toxoplasma gondii on the concentration of IL-10 and IL-12 in women with breast cancer in Al Najaf Governorate. The study included 49 serum samples belonging to women with breast cancer and 30 serum samples for healthy women who represented the control group. In both groups, the women ranged between (30 - 70) years. IgG and IgM antibodies to T. gondii parasite and IL-10, IL-12 levels were tested for all serum samples using ELISA technique. The results showed that the highest percentage was for IgG- positive samples which amounted to 57.14%, while the lowest percentage was for IgM- positive samples and IgM & IgG - positive samples that reached 24.5% .The results also showed that the infection with T. gondii has a significant effect at the level P≤0.05 in the rate of concentration of IL—10, IL—12, which was (359+28.3, 21+2.4) pg/ml respectively, compared to the control group that was (118+11.8, 8+1.04,) pg/ml respectively. The conclusion from this study that the majority of infections with T.gondii parasite were chronic as a result of the high percentage of IgG - positive cases and that the parasites had a significant effect in stimulating the cellular immune response by increasing the level of IL-10 and IL-12 in women with breast cancer. Keywords: Toxoplasma gondii, Breast Cancer, IL-10, IL-12.

Trichomoniasis is the most prevalent non-viral sexually transmitted infection (STD) in the world caused by the vaginotropic extracellular protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. The present study was conducted in Babylon Province during the period from October, 2017 to June, 2018 in AL-Hilla Teaching Hospital and AL-Zahraa Hospital, to diagnosis Trichomonas vaginalis using two methods direct microbial examination and molecular method by polymerase chain reaction using specific primer pairs of T. vaginalis B-Tubulin 9/2 and study levels of some immunoglobulins and cytokines among infected women using immunological methods. A total of (125) blood and fluid vagina samples (110) from infected women and (15) from control women were taken from women aged between (15-45) years. Two vaginal swabs (one for direct microscopical examination and the other for molecular test) and a blood sample were collected from each woman. These women suffer from acute secretions, itching, yellowish green discharge and other symptoms. The results showed that the total frequency of infection by T. vaginalis was (20.9%) in microscope test, while in PCR technique was (13.6 %). The highest infected number and percentage of infected women was 24 (21.81%) at the age (26-35) years, while the lowest infected at the age (36-45) years was 5 (4.54%) respectively. Also the results revealed the frothy yellow to green discharge 31 (81.57%) while the malodor discharges gave 29 (23.6 8%). The results revealed a significant increase (P<0.01) in serum concentration of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (8 and 12) and IgG and IgM in T. vaginalis infection patients in comparison with healthy control group. Key words: Genes; Immunoglobulin’s; Cytokines; Infected women.

The current study was conducted for the period from August 2019 to January 2020 in the Department of Biology - Faculty of Education for Girls - University of Kufa, which aims to follow up patients with cystic Echinococcosis in Najaf governorate by measuring the level of cytokines IL-2, IL-4 and antibodies IgE , IgG before and after the removal operation of hydatid cysts. The current study included 85 blood samples for people who visited Al Sadr Medical City Hospital, Al Hakim General Hospital and the Al-Forat Al-Awsat Hospital, of whom 30 blood samples were (19 females and 11 males) for people with cystic Echinococcosis before the removal of the hydatid cysts and 30 blood samples (13 females and 17 males) ) for persons 3-5 months after the removal of the hydatid cysts and 25 blood samples (12 females and 13 males) for healthy people (control), cystic Echinococcosis was diagnosed through clinical examination by consultant physicians and surgeons, X-ray, ultrasonography (US) and Computed Tomography (CT) scan). Also the control group was examined clinically, laboratory and radiographically to ensure that they did not have any disease.The level of cytokines IL-2, IL-4 and IgE antibody was measured by ELISA technique and the IgG antibody level was measured by Single Radial Immuno Diffussion method. The results showed a significant increase at P <0.05 in the level of IL-2 and IL-4 and the level of IgE and IgG antibodies in the serum of patients before the removal of the hydatid cysts and for both sexes compared to their level after the cysts removal and control process and that the level of these indicators in males are higher than they are in females. The conclusion from this study that there is an increase in the level of IL-2 and IL-4 and IgE and IgG antibodies before the operation and the decrease in their level after the operation indicates a success in the surgical operation to remove the hydatid cysts and the preventing the disease to return, and that the level of these immunological indicators in males are higher than they are in females. Keywords: Cystic echinococcosis ;IL-2; IL-4 ; IgE ; IgG

ole on the level of cytokines IFN-γ, IL-10 and TNF-α and immunoglobulins IgE, IgG and IgM in serum of male albino mice with hydatid cysts. The results of the study showed a significant decrease of p≤0.05 in the concentration of IgE, IgG, and IgM when examining their levels in all study groups compared to the positive control group. The lowest decrease was in the infected animals and treated with the hybrid albendazole drug (Alb + AgNps), while the significant increase was in the level of these antibodies when compared with the negative control group, as well as the results of the cytokines examination with the ELISA technique showed that there was a significant decrease in the level of IFN-γ, IL-10, TNF-á in all study groups compared to the positive control group and the lowest decrease was in the infected group of mice with hydatid cysts and treated with the Alb + AgNps, there was a significant increase in the level of these cytokines when compared with the negative control group. The conclusion from this study that the synergistic action between the free nanoparticles loaded with the drugs albendazole and mebendazole in the lowest amount is effective in improving the cellular and humoral immune response in male albino mice. Key words : Hydatid cysts, silver nanoparticles, albendazole, mebendazole, IFN-γ, IL-10, TNF, IgE, IgG, IgM.

The current study was conducted for the period from September 2019 to February 2020 in the Department of Biology-College of Education for Girls-University of Kufa, which aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of the silver nanoparticles loaded with albendazole, mebendazole drugs on male albino mice infected with hydatid cysts. The results of the current study showed a significant decrease of p≤0.05 in the rates of body, liver and spleen weights in all mice of the study groups compared to the positive control. The lowest decrease was in the group of infected mice treated with the hybrid albendazole (Alb + AgNPs). Also, a significant decrease was observed, p≤0.05, in the average number of hydatid cysts in all study groups compared to the positive control. The hybrid albendazole was the most therapeutic efficacy in inhibiting the growth of the hydatid cysts, followed by the hybrid mebendazole and then the free silver nanoparticles. The success of the synergistic action between free nanoparticles and drugs with the least amount of the drug and the nanoparticle was loading. Keywords Hydatid cysts, Albendazole, Mebendazole, Silver nanoparticles

Abstract. The current study was conducted in the Department of Biology - Faculty of Education for Girls - University of Kufa for the period from March 2018 to August 2018, which aims to detect the genetic expression of the mRNA of some of the cytokines in the peripheral blood of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis using RT-qPCR technique .The results showed that the relative quantification of gene expression of mRNA for IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10 andTNF-α in the blood of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis compared to control. The highest amount was TNF-α, followed byIFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-4, which was 15.9±4.9 , 10.5±4.6, 7.6±3.7 and 3.7±1.1 respectively, compared with control of 2.3±1.2, 2.6±1.2 , 2.6±1.2 and 1.9±1.3 respectively, with a statistically significant difference at P <0.05. The correlation results showed that all cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, TNF-α) were significantly correlated with each other in terms of gene expression and the association was strong betweenIFN-γ and IL-10 (r = 0.88), followed by IFN-γand TNF-α (r = 0.75) and IL-10 and TNF-α, (r = 0.63) and then IL-4 and IL-10 (r = 0.54).The conclusion from this study that a cellular immune response is achieved by increasing the genetic expression of cytokines,IFN- γ, IL-4, IL-10 and TNF-α in the peripheral blood of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis and all these cytokines are positively correlated with each other. Keywords: gene expression ;IFN-γ ; IL-4;IL-10 ; TNF-α ; Cutaneous leishmaniasis