اياد جميل جبر الخفاجي

Abstract The aim of the research is to design and manufacture a triple combination soil preparation implement, which can complete soil preparation in one passage for the tractor in the field, this triple combination tillage consisted of three equipment collected in one implement : a moldboard plow, rigid tines and leveling board, the number of soil tillage operations applied were optionally with three levels: single tillage (plowing), dual combination tillage (plowing + harrowing) and triple combination tillage (plowing + harrowing + leveling), the second factor was plowing depth( 20 and 25 cm), a factorial experiment with RCBD used to conduct the research. The results showed that: The triple combination tillage was significantly superior to the dual and the single tillage, as the bulk density, random roughness RR, clod greater than 10 cm and clod 5-10 cm decreased significantly, while the slippage increased significantly . Depth increasing was causing a significant increase in the RR, clod greater than 10 cm, the clod 5-10 cm and the wheel slippage, while bulk density decreased significantly. The field experiment demonstrated high efficiency of the triple combination tillage in achieving a complete soil preparation in one passage , and this proves the success of the triple combination tillage work and the possibility of using it, taking into consideration the use of a tractor with sufficient capacity to pull it.

Abstract Vibration is a real source of danger to agricultural machinery operators, those working long hours during the day. Therefore, the aim of the research was to assess the vibration of a combine harvester driver, various methods of expressing vibration were used in order to determine the most appropriate way to clarify the risk to the driver. Harvest drivers work during the harvest season for many continuous hours, putting them at risk. Tests were conducted at different operating modes and with different numbers of harvester operating units. The results showed that the vibration dose value represents the best way to express the risk of vibration of the harvester driver compared to other indicators. The results also indicated that there is a real threat to the driver's safety, with work continuing for many hours during the day. The vibration dose values during the paddy harvest exceeded the safe values according to this indicator. This requires directing the operators of agricultural machines to reduce the number of consecutive hours of work and convert them into working meals separated by sufficient times of rest. Keyword: Combine, VDV, vibration, rms, crest factor, exposure

Abstract The aim of this research was to assess the WBV that the tractor driver exposed to while carrying out some traditional agricultural operations . The study involved three different investigations conducted at three different sites . Each investigation was considered as a single experiment and carried out individually at four different engine speeds (800, 1000, 1200, 1600) rpm except the plowing site, it was conducted at two speeds only (1200, 1600)rpm . The experimental sites were the stop site for loading or unloading , the transportation site at asphalt road and earthen road with (2WD , 4WD) and plowing site with (2WD , 4WD) . The effect of WBV at the orthogonal axes ( X, Y, Z) , the total vibration of tractor seat Av and the time duration to reach exposure action value EAV and exposure limit value ELV were determined . The vibration was measured and defined in accordance with European Union regulation guide (2002 /44/EC Directive) and the organization of ISO ( ISO – 2631 – 1 – 1997 ) . The results indicated that irrespective of the type of operation , the rms acceleration levels along the longitudinal direction Ax axis was higher than the lateral direction Ay and the vertical direction Az at all speed tested . A strong correlation between the resultant of total vibration Av and Ax axis was found with r equal to 0.97 . The vibration values of Ay and Az axes were below the warning value EAV while the Ax and Av exceeded EAV and approached the risk value ELV in some engine speeds for both stop and transport sites . However; with respect to plowing site all orthogonal axes and Av exceeded the risk value ELV , Therefore, driving the tested tractor over a long period of time lead to a serious health problems and the driver must implement a serious measures . In general, from the health point of view and under the condition in which the research was conducted , the vibration of the tractor cannot be tolerated for more than four hours at the lowest level of vibration of the stop site . While the shortest time of exposure to vibration was 23 minutes during the process of plowing .

Abstract—An experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of a locally manufactured combined tillage implement (moldboard plow + ripper) in one of the fields of the kufa university faculty of agriculture. The experiment was included two factors , the first factor is combing the ripper to mold board plow in five level these are fixing the combined ripper shanks while the shanks points oriented in two different levels with and opposite to the plowing direction , two levels of different ripper depths the same depth and 5 cm above the depth of mold board plow share and the fifth level is control treatment ( mold board plow alone ) .The second factor was the plowing operation speed at five levels (1.4, 2.0 , 3.6 and 4.7) Km.hr ̵ ¹ . the experiment was conducted as a factorial experiment with RCBD , the LSD test at 5 % was used to compare between means .The results of the research were showed that combining the locally manufactured ripper implement to mold board plow resulted in significant increase in the number of soil clods with the desired diameter (5-10 cm ) very low number of soil block with diameter larger than 10 cm , more even soil roughness and the actual productivity has not decreased to the extent that it affects the efficient performance of the tillage process compared to the use at the mold board plow alone . Keywords—combination ,tillage, soil, roughness, ripper , moldboard.

An experiment was conducted to Study the effect of Parboiling treatments on Chemical Properties for Rice (Amber 33 cultivar), in the laboratories of Food Science Department, College of Agriculture, University of Kufa and the laboratories of quality control in Kufa and Taji silos to Study the effect of Parboiling treatments on Chemical Properties for Rice (Amber 33 cultivar), with medium grain,Two different dates were used to soak the raw rice grains from 16 to 24 hours, and the soaking was done in normal water only.In addition, two pure citric acid (H), with the first pH which is symbolized by (H1) and the second pH which is symbolized by (H2), NaCl with the first EC which is symbolized by (S1) and the second EC which is symbolized by (S2), were added. As well as control treatment, The study was conducted as a factorial experiment (2 6), with three replicates for each treatment.The main results of the study concluded as follows: Increasing the period of soaking from 16 to 24 hours led to a significant increase in the percentage of fat, fiber and vitamins.The H2 for acid led to a decrease in the percentage of fat.The lowest average percentage of fat was obtained from 0.2375 to 0.2275% for each H, respectively, compared with the control treatment of (0.4250%), and the same thing was obtained with a percentage of ash where it decreased to (0.155, 0.19%) for both acid treatment H, respectively, where the percentage of ash in the control treatment amounted of (0.2100%).The S2 also led to a significant increase in most chemical indicators, Which led to a significant increase in the percentage of protein from 9.810 to 9.977%, respectively compared to the control treatment 8.100%, it achieved a significant increase in the percentage of total carbohydrates from 81.87 to 80.47%, respectively compared to the control treatment which amounted of 73.71%.

Abstract This research was conducted to evaluate WBV that harvester driver was exposed to it at different working conditions during paddy crop harvesting .the research involved three different investigation, the first to investigate the operations that the combine must do to achieve a paddy crop harvesting, while the second was to investigate the vibration emitted by different units of combine harvester and the third was the effect of threshing cylinder speed with three levels (800, 1000, 1200) rpm. The effect of the vibration at three orthogonal axes (X,Y,Z) and total equivalent vibration Av were tested . The vibration measured and defined according to the European Union guide (2002/44/EC Directive) as well as the organization of ISO ( ISO 2631-1-1997) . The RBCD with three replications was used .Each investigation considered as a single experiment and carried out individually. the results indicated that the vibration which the harvester driver exposed to it during paddy crop harvesting higher than the rest operations tested such as driving the harvester on the agricultural roads ,or on the rice field or when operated while the harvester at parking position . However, the value of that vibration exceeded the levels of ELV and EAV . Another wise that vibration value recorded 1.97 m/ s² Av which was considered very uncomfortable vibration level .The Y axis was the highest in vibration followed by the X axis , while the least value noted at the Z axis . Changing the number of harvester operating units led to clear changes in vibration generated in the three orthogonal axes , as well as Av value . However , this changes associated with the effect of road surface conditions . Increasing the threshing cylinder speed during paddy harvesting caused increasing vibration significantly at the X axis only while the Z and Y axes remained close to the safe levels of EAV and ELV respectively. The Av value was increased with increasing threshing cylinder speed.

΃ ) ΓΪϤѧδϤϟ΍ΏϮѧΒΤϟ΍ΓέΫΎѧΑϝΎϤόΘѧγΎΑΏέΎѧΠΘϟ΍Εάѧϔϧ . ΔѧϳΪϴϠϘΘϟ΍ΔѧϘϳήτϟΎΑΔѧΑήΘϟ΍ΔΌϴϬΗΕΎϴϠϤϋ ΖϳήΟ΃ .ΔϴϨϳήϏΔϴϨϴσ ϦϴϠϣΎѧϋήϴΛ΄ѧΗΔѧγ΍έΩϞѧΟ΃Ϧѧϣ MF-285 S ϥϮѧδϛήϴϓϲ γΎϣΔΒΣΎѧδϟ΍ϭΝϭΩΰϤϟ΍ϲλήϘϟ΍ΝΎΠϔϟ΍Ε΍Ϋ ( S.Z-3.6 ΝΎΠϔϟ΍ω΍έΫϰϠϋξΑΎϨϟ΍ςϐοΓϮϗϞϣΎϋϭˬΎγ/Ϣϛ ( ˺˺ϭ ̂ϭ ̀ ϭ ˾ )ΕΎϳϮΘδϤϠϟέ΍άΒϠϟΔϴϠϘΤϟ΍Δϋήδϟ΍ΎϤϫ ϢϴϤѧμΗϞϤόΘγ΍ .ΔϴλήϘϟ΍ΓέΫΎΒϟ΍˯΍Ω΃Ε΍ήηΆϣξόΑϲϓˬϦΗϮϴϧ ( ˿˾˹ϭ ˾˾˹ ϭ ˽˾˹)ϲϫΕΎϳϮΘδϣΙϼΜΑ έ΍άѧΒϟ΍ωήѧγϭΔδϴ΋ήϟ΍Ρ΍ϮϟϷ΍ξΑΎϨϟ΍ςϐοΓϮϗΖϠΜϣΫ΍ˬΔϠϣΎϜϟ΍Δϴ΋΍Ϯθόϟ΍ΕΎϋΎτϘϟ΍ϢϴϤμΗϖϓϭΔϘθϨϤϟ΍Ρ΍ϮϟϷ΍ ϦϤ πΗ . ˹˹˾ Δ ϴϟΎϤΘΣ΍ϯϮΘ δϣΪ ϨϋΕΎτ γϮΘϤϟ΍Ϧϴ ΑΔ ϧέΎϘϤϠϟ L.S.D έΎ ΒΘΧ΍ϞϤόΘ γ΍ˬΔ ϳϮϧΎΜϟ΍Ρ΍Ϯ ϟϷ΍Ζ ϠΜϣ ϊѧϳίϮΗϡΎѧψΘϧ΍Ε΍ήѧηΆϣϭΩϭΪѧΧϷ΍ΔΣΎѧδϣϭ ΝΎΠϔϟ΍ϞϤϋϖϤϋςγϮΘϣϞΜϣΕ΍ήηΆϤϟ΍ϦϣΔϋϮϤΠϣΔγ΍έΩΚΤΒϟ΍ ϰ ϟ΍ΔϓΎ ο·ϲ ϘϓϷ΍ϭϲѧγ΃ήϟ΍ϦϴϳϮΘ δϤϟ΍ϲ ϓέϭά Βϟ΍ϊѧϳίϮΗϡΎ ψΘϧ΍ϭέϭά Βϟ΍ϖ ϤϋϲѧϓΔ ϠΜϤΘϤϟ΍ϭΔ ΑήΘϟ΍Ϟ Χ΍ΩέϭάѧΒϟ΍ .Ε΍έΩΎΒϟ΍ύϭΰΒϟΔϳϮΌϤϟ΍ΔΒδϨϟ΍ :ϲΗϻΎΑΚΤΒϟ΍Ξ΋ΎΘϧϢϫ΃κΨϠΘΗϭ ϝϮѧμΣϰѧϟ΍ Δϋήδϟ΍ΓΩΎϳίΕΩ΃ϦϴΣϲϓˬΔϴϨϜϤϟ΍ΓΪΣϮϠϟΔϴϠόϔϟ΍ΔϴΟΎΘϧϹ΍ΓΩΎϳίϲϓΔϴϠϘΤϟ΍Δϋήδϟ΍ΓΩΎϳίΖϤϬγ΃ Δϋή δϟ΍ΓΩΎѧϳίΖΒΒѧδΗ Ϛϟάѧϛˬ ϡΪѧϬϟ΍ΔΣΎ δϣϲѧϓΔѧϳϮϨόϣΓΩΎѧϳίϭΝΎѧΠϔϟ΍Ϟ ϤϋϖѧϤϋςѧγϮΘϣϲѧϓϱϮѧϨόϣνΎѧϔΨϧ΍ ϲѧϓήѧϴΒϛνΎѧϔΨϧ΍ϝϮѧμΣϰѧϟ΍ϯΩ΃ΎѧϤϣΔѧΑήΘϟ΍ϞѧΧ΍ΩέϭάѧΒϟ΍ϊѧϳίϮΗΕ΍ήѧηΆϤΑϝϼѧΧϹ΍ϲѧϓϩϼѧϋ΃ΕΎϳΪѧϤϠϟΔϴϠϘΤϟ΍ .Ε΍έΩΎΒϟ΍ύϭΰΒϟΔϳϮΌϤϟ΍ΔΒδϨϟ΍ ςѧγϮΘϣϭΝΎѧΠϔϟ΍ϞѧϤϋϖϤϋςγϮΘϣΕ΍ήηΆϣϲϓΔϳϮϨόϣΓΩΎϳίϰϟ΍ΝΎΠϔϟ΍ω΍έΫϰϠϋξΑΎϨϟ΍ςϐοΓϮϗΓΩΎϳίΕΩ΃ ϡΪѧϋϞѧϴϟΩΕΎϔѧλΔѧϳϮϨόϣΓέϮѧμΑΖѧπϔΨϧ΍ΎѧϤϨϴΑˬΕ΍έΩΎѧΒϟ΍ύϭΰΒϟΔϳϮΌϤϟ΍ΔΒδϨϟ΍ϭΩϭΪΧϷ΍ΔΣΎδϣϭέϭάΒϟ΍ϖϤϋ .έϭάΒϟ΍ϦϴΑΔϓΎδϤϟ΍ϡΎψΘϧ΍ϡΪϋϞϴϟΩϭϖϤόϟ΍ϡΎψΘϧ΍ ςϐѧοΓϮѧϗΓΩΎѧϳίϥ΍ΪѧΠϧϭˬΚѧΤΒϟ΍ΕΎϔѧλϲѧϓΔѧϳϮϨόϣΓέϮμΑξΑΎϨϟ΍ςϐοΓϮϗϭΔϴϠϘΤϟ΍Δϋήδϟ΍ϦϴΑϞΧ΍ΪΘϟ΍ήΛ΍ ϲѧϓΔѧϳϮϨόϣΕ΍ΩΎѧϳίΙ΍ΪѧΣ΍ΐѧϋέ΍άѧΒϟ΍Ε΍ήѧηΆϣϦϴѧδΤΗϲѧϓϢϬγ΍ΔϴϠϘΤϟ΍ΔϋήδϠϟΔϔϠΘΨϤϟ΍ΕΎϳϮΘδϤϟ΍ΪϨϋξΑΎϨϟ΍ ϖѧϤόϟ΍ϡΎѧψΘϧ΍ϡΪѧϋϞѧϴϟΩϦѧϣϞѧϛϲѧϓΎѧϳϮϨόϣΎѧοΎϔΨϧ΍ϭΕ΍έΩΎѧΒϟ΍ύϭΰ ΑΔΒѧδϧϭέϭάΒϟ΍ϖϤϋϭϡΪϬϟ΍ΔΣΎδϣ ϦϣϞϛ .έϭάΒϟ΍ϦϴΑΔϓΎδϤϟ΍ϡΎψΘϧ΍ϡΪϋϞϴϟΩϭ Effect Of Seeding Speed And The Compression Force Of Loading Spring On Disc drill Performance A.J.J.ALKHAFAJI A.A. ALSSABAGH Kufa University Baghdad University Agriculture College Agriculture College Abstract This research was conducted at the Kufa Technical Institute (silty- clay loam soil). The experiments was carried out with a double disk drill (S.Z-3.6) and MF-285 S tractor in order to study the effect of increasing seeding speed with ( 5, 7, 9 ,11 Km/h) and three spring compression force levels (450, 550 , 650)N on some of seeding performance indicators( mean operation depth , furrow shape , seed depth, seed distribution uniformity at the vertical and horizontal levels and percentage of seedlings emergence).A (R.C.B.D) in a split plot design used to conducting the experiments , L.S.D test at 0.05 probability was used to compare among the means. The compression force of spring represented the main plots, while the seeding speed represented the sub plots. The main results of this research are summarized as follows: The increasing in seeding speed resulted in a significant increasing in the practical productivity, while it is lead to violating the seed distribution indicators at the verticaland horizontal levels, that resulted in a weakness of the germination and emergence indicators . Increasing spring compression force resulted in a significant increases in the operation depth, furrow shape, percentage of emergence, while decreased the seed distribution indicators at the vertical and horizontal levels .

المستخلص: أجري هذا البحث في احدى الحقول الزراعية في محافظة النجف منطقة الحرية , لدراسة تأثير عمق الحراثة باالمحرا تحا الترباة لألعماا )53 و 53 و 33 )ساإ افاافة الال معاملاة المقار اة ) بادون حراثاة ( فاي كفاا ا الاتمل ماق الطبقاة ال البة و تحسيق بعض ال فات الفيزيائية للتربة ) الكثافة الظاهرية والمسامية و العمق الحرج و مساحة اال هدام و معدل الغيض األساسي ( و اثر ذلك في صفات الحاصل والوزن الجاف لكل مق الجذور و النباات لمح اول الاذرا ال افرا ك كا ا ترباة الحقال مزيجا طينية غرينية , تحتوي علل طبقة صلبة بسمك حوالي 13 سإ أسفل عمق الحراثة مباشرا ك استعمل ت اميإ القطاعاات العااوائي الكاملاة فاي تنفياذ هاذا البحاث وباثث مكاررات , كماا ارتبارت الفارو بايق المتوساطات باساتعمال ارتباار LSD عناد مساتوى احتمالية 03ك0 ك وتلم أهإ تائج البحث بما يأتي : تفو اساتعمال المحارا تحا الترباة عناد جمياا األعماا معنوياا علال معاملاة المقار اة )بدون حراثة ( في جميا ال فات المدروسة فقد ازدادت و ب ورا معنوياة كال ماق صافات المساامية و العماق الحارج و مسااحة اال هدام مما زاد مق معدل الغيض األساسي و الوزن الجاف لكل مق الجاذور و النباات وكاذلك حاصال حباو الاذرا ال افرا , في حيق ا مفض الكثافة الظاهرية للتربة ب اورا معنوياة ك أدت زياادا عماق الحراثاة بهاذا المحارا فامق ماديات البحاث الال زيادات معنوية في ا دفاع العمق الحرج بعيدا عق سطح الترباة وبالتاالي ازدادت المسااحة المتهدماة للترباة عناد المعاملاة بأعماا حراثة اكبر و تيجة لذلك زاد معدل الغيض األساساي, مماا يااير الال كفاا ا الاتمل ماق المضاار الناجماة عاق وجاود مثال هاذ الطبقات عند زيادا العمق و بالنتيجة ازداد الاوزن الجااف للجاذور و للنباات مماا سااهإ فاي ح اول زياادات معنوياة فاي حاصال حبو الذراك Effect Of Subsoiler Plowing Depth On The Removing of Hardpan and Corn Yield AL_Khafaji A.J. Agriculture collage Uni. Kufa Abstract: The research was carried out in one fields of Alhuriya region at Alnajaf government ,to study the effect of plowing depths with subsoiler plow for (35 , 45 , 55 cm and without treatment ) in the efficiency of removing the soil hardpan and improving soil physics characters (bulk density , total porosity , critical depth , destroyed area and basic infiltration rate) and corn growth properties and yield .The soil of the field was silty clay loam , it was incloded a hardpan with a thickness of 15 cm under the conventional tillage depth directly . The randomized complete block design with three replications and LSD test at 0.05 level was used to compare the means of treatments. The results was show that : using of subsoiler at all depths was to exceeded the comparison treatment in all soil properties , they have a significant increasing in porosity , critical depth , destroyed area, basic infiltration rate , root and plant dry weight and yield of corn seeds. , while the bulk density was decreased significantly. The increasing in subsoiler plowing depth were result in a significant increasing in critical depth ,which led to significant increasing in the destroyed area, basic infiltration rate and root and plant dry weight, there for the yield of corn seeds was increased significantly .

Abstract. Precooling is one of the most important processing to improve storage indicators and shelf life for fruits and vegetables, especially in desert regions. An Evaporative cooling unit operating with solar energy was used to store summer tomato fruits. The main component is a developed evaporating wchamper , its consists of three walls, the inner wall was made of high conducting non-rust metal, water wall wich represented the middle part and the outer wall is made of highly porous pottery panels. On the other hand, an evaporative cooling unit was added to one of the store’s walls in order to provide humidity and cool air. The results were compared with a traditional storage room and field sorage in the same field conditions. The results showed a significant superiority of the developed pre-cooling champer parameters compared to the normal storage room and field storage the superiority of the two air speeds treatments . and . m.sec ¹) compared to the non-operation of the evaporative cooling unit. the superiority was observed in indicators of fruits temperature, hardness, TSS, lost weight ratio and number of storage days of tomato fruits. This result comes from the good conditions of temperature and humidity in the pre-cooling chamber.

امل شخير 83 انفال مكي 77 غدير عبد الجبار 73 سحر كاظم 83 ندى حسن 88 هند عماد 71 سلام حاكم 69 علياء عبد الله 87 ازهر هادي 81 صباح حسن 77 هالة حيدر 83 سارة كاظم علي 81 شوقي ناصر 75 نبع الصفا عبد الحسن 69

محمد هادي 83 نور صبار 70 احمد شهاب 72 بسام شهيد 78 سارة راقب 84 غدير عبد الجبار 53 ليث حسن 69 سحر كاظم نعمة 64 بلسم صلاح 75 نبع الصفا 51 هالة حيدر 70 سارة كاظم عباس 90 صباح حسن موسى 63 بيداء نعمة 83 احمد محمد مطرود 90 حسنين جعفر 75 سارة كاظم علي 73 ازهر هادي 64 شوقي ناصر 73 اصول طالب 71 رافد وادي 36 انفال مكي 61 دعاء علي 89 امل شخير 69 علي عبد الزهرة 88 عامر مراد 66 سلام حاكم 45 علي حسن 68 صلاح عبد المهدي 82 افراح حسن 75 نصير حسن 79 علياء عبد الكاظم 74 صفاء عباس 62 ندى حسن 56 دجلة يوسف 94 زهير جميل 59 ضرار علي 73 شفق عبد الحسن 74 هند عماد 52