ايمان ثابت نظيف الفتلاوي

recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTI) is a difficult situation among women of all ages. the repeated and indiscriminate use of antibiotics led to the development of increased resistance to antibiotics, ensuring the need to explore new therapeutic agents for prevention and reductionof rUTI.

Ggraves' disease GD is an autoimmune thyroid disease defined by the production of stimulating autoantibodies to the thyroid stimulating hormonereceptor (TSHR) (TSAB) that induce a sustained state of hyperthyroidism in patients.

Graves is one of autoimmune Thyroid Diseases. Moreover, more than 20 genes polymorphisms are associated with Graves’s diseases. Although, the cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) genes play an important role in immunity system function, strategies to enhance CTL4 polymorphism gene may be impact on increase Graves' disease. Recent research has revealed that the 49A/G polymorphism in exon 1 has a detrimental EFFECT ON this disease, results in a threonine-to-alanine conversion. Objectives: The study was carried out to investigate and affect allele polymorphism CTL4 gene in Graves' disease in AL-Najaf province. Methods: In our study, 73(48 females and 25 males) individuals who detected Autoimmune hyperthyroidism and twenty healthy as a control groups. All Graves patients were recruited from the hormonal unite at Al-Sadder Medical City, Najaf/Iraq. The control group participating in the study did not have any history of immune diseases and chronic diseases. The study was approved by the ethical committees of Al-Sadder Medical City. Genomic DNA was extracted then polymerase chain reaction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique is used, follow by Sequence data of polymorphism. Results: Results of this study found that all samples were digested with restriction enzyme Fnu4HI in two fragments (99 and 63) bp. These results indicate that 49 A/G polymorphism GLT4 gene was detected in Graves patients and control. Conclusion: Contrary to expectations, this study did not find a significant difference between Graves patients and healthy individuals in the Najaf city population.