ابتهال رياض نجيب الرماحي

The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae represents a significant global health challenge, which can be acquired and transmitted by Klebsiella species. Objective: This study was conducted to determine the molecular characterization of integrons and the association between integrons and multidrug resistant patterns from K. pneumoniae isolates. Methodology: The isolates were obtained from patients with bloodstream, urinary, and respiratory infections. Identification of isolates was carried out using the conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method using primers that targeted the 16SrRNA gene, β-lactamase (blaSHV), and integron genes (I, II, and III). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using standard microbiological techniques. Results: The results showed that K. pneumoniae isolates harbored integrons, especially Int1 (100%), which are genetic elements that can capture and disseminate antibiotic resistance genes. The blaSHV gene (chromosomal and plasmid-borne) indicated the β-lactamases production that confirms the resistance to β-lactam antibiotics. The prevalence of integron was high, especially for Int1, and the detection of blaSHV indicated that integrons are major carriers of multidrug resistance in K. pneumoniae. Conclusion: The presence of these genetic elements enabled the acquisition and spread of multiple resistance genes that increased treatment difficulty and underscored the urgent need for ongoing surveillance and control strategies.

Introducción: Staphylococcus aureus es un patógeno oportunista reconocido por causar diversas infecciones clínicas, especialmente en pacientes inmunocomprometidos, y está asociado con altas tasas de morbilidad y resistencia a múltiples antimicrobianos. Métodos:Se recolectaron 24 muestras clínicas de hisopos provenientes de sitios sospechosos de infección de pacientes en Najaf, Irak. Las muestras se cultivaron en medios selectivos, y el crecimiento bacteriano positivo se observó en 15 muestras 62,5 %. Diez aislamientos fueron identificados como S. aureus mediante evaluación macroscópica y microscópica, pruebas bioquímicas y confirmación con el sistemaVITEK 2. Resultados:Las pruebas de susceptibilidad antimicrobiana revelaron que el 70 % de los aislamientos eran resistentes a ceftriaxona. La resistencia a gentamicina, cefalosporinas, eritromicina y tetraciclina se detectó en un 60 % de los aislamientos. Se observó resistencia intermedia al cloranfenicol en un 50 %, mientras que rifampicina y levofloxacino mostraron las tasas más bajas de resistencia 40 %. Un 70 % de los aislamientos presentaron resistencia a múltiples clases de antibióticos (MDR), y el 40 % fueron confirmados como S. aureus resistente a meticilina (MRSA). El óxido de grafeno reducido (rGO) no mostró efecto inhibitorio observable frente a S. aureus en el ensayo de difusión en agar bajo las condiciones evaluadas. Conclusión:Estos resultados subrayan la necesidad de desarrollar estrategias terapéuticas innovadoras para combatir la creciente resistencia bacteriana, especialmente dado el fracaso del rGO no modificado en inhibir efectivamente aS.aureusen las condiciones experimentales empleadas.

The study demonstrates the production of nanomagnesium oxide prepared using the hydrothermal method. As well as studying the optical, morphological and structural properties of magnesium oxide. As well as studying the effect of concentration on inhibiting negative Gram bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli) activity. According to the structural parameters analyzed with FESEM, all preparations with varying amounts of MgO had an erratic crystal structure. According to the optical properties, changes in material concentration resulted in an increase in the absorption value (2.011, 2.11, 2.25 a.u). energy gaps are determined to be between 1.7-2.03 eV since this intersection represents the energy gap of the permitted direct digital transitions. MgO nanoparticles were agglomerated with irregular morphologies and displayed a spherical perimeter. The MgO nanoparticles that were produced using hydrothermal synthesis have a morphology that is characterized by a particle size of sixty nanometers. A crystalline -structure of a produced MgO NPs was examined. Major powerful peaks with 2θ values of 39.52, 36, 33.72, 33.705, 33.64, 33.63, 32.49, 20.61, 19 and 18.53 degree. A data indicated that an inhibitory effect of MgO nanoparticles is depending on (concentration). A highest concentration of 2 g magnesium oxide was the most inhibitory to Gram-negative bacteria E. coli.

Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) poses a significant threat to global health, particularly in intensive care units (ICUs). This study investigated the molecular epidemiology and risk factors associated with CRAB infections in four Iraqi ICUs. A total of 164 patients with invasive MDR A. baumannii infections were included. Demographic and clinical data were collected prospectively, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on 172 isolates (164 clinical and 8 environmental). Multiplex PCR was used to identify four key carbapenem resistance genes. The study revealed a high mortality rate (56.4%) among infected patients. The majority were male (51.6%), admitted to surgical ICUs (44.2%), and had undergone invasive procedures, including urinary catheterization (97.4%) and mechanical ventilation (67.3%). Univariate analysis identified older age (>65 years), diabetes mellitus, chronic liver failure, and prior chemotherapy treatment as independent risk factors for mortality. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed alarmingly high resistance rates (>90%) to most tested antibiotics, including amikacin, ampicillin-sulbactam, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, and imipenem. Colistin exhibited the lowest resistance (2.2%). blaOXA-23 was the most prevalent resistance gene detected across all centers, with significantly higher frequencies in two centers. These findings emphasize the critical need for effective infection control measures, judicious antibiotic stewardship, and continuous surveillance of resistance patterns to combat the spread of MDR A. baumannii in healthcare settings. Furthermore, the development of novel therapeutic strategies is crucial to address the limited treatment options for this increasingly resistant pathogen.

Background: Because low-grade inflammation may play a role in the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease, and pro-inflammatory cytokines govern inflammatory cascades leading to atherosclerosis, and then to ischemic heart disease. Objectives: To evaluate the role of two cytokines IL-6 and IL-12+p40 in the etiology of IHD, as well as to observe the relationship of IL-6 , IL-12+p40 and two chronic diseases diabetes mellitus and hypertension in IHD patients.

This study was carried out to indicate the histological changes of mebeverine drugon the renal structure of pregnant white rats and their fetuses for a pregnancy period of 20 days, the number of rats used in this study was 20 female and male rats of type Rattusr attus (Sprague Dawley strain), 10 of them were fertile male rats with an average age of (10.5) weeks and an average weight of (231)g, the male rats were used for mating only, and the rest rats were 10 adult female rats with an average age of (11.5) weeks and an average weight of (240) g. The experiments of the current study were conducted in the Department of biology of the Faculty of Education for Girls/University of Kufa for the period from 10/6/2021 to 1/1/ 2022, males and females of rats were mated for the purpose of obtaining the pregnant rats required in this study which were 10 pregnant rats which were divided into two groups: one of the two groups was the control group which it was treated with physiological salt solution only and contained 5 pregnant rats,while the other group was treated with mebeverine drug at a concentration of ( 0.96) mg / and included 5 pregnant rats, all pregnant rats in the two groups were treated from the second day until the 20th day of pregnancy with a single dose by intraperitoneal injection daily. The results of the study indicated that mebeverine drug affected the histological structure of the kidneys of fetuses and the kidneys of pregnant female rats during pregnancy for a period of 20 days causing various histologicalpathological changes such as necrosis, shrinkage , damage and bleeding on the renal glomeruli, wall expansion and damage of the wall of Bowman’s capsule, damage of the walls of the renal tubules and enlargement and congestion in some of them and bleeding in others, in addition to necrosis and damage of the renal tissue and the presence of hemorrhage in them, as well as infiltration of inflammatory cells was observed. Conclusion: We can conclude from this study that the use of mebeverine drug during pregnancy caused destruction and damage of the histological structure of the kidneys of pregnant female rats, andit also affected the development of the kidney tissue of the fetuses of these pregnant rats and stimulated pathological effects in it which indicates that the drug can pass through the placenta from mothers to fetuses during pregnancy.kg of body