Hutheyfa Abd Alhussein Ali Al Salih

Cyclophosphamide has the ability to induce multi-organ toxicity. The current study was conducted to investigate the toxicity effects of one dose and two doses of intraperitoneal administration of cyclophosphamide at dose of 50 mg/kg of body weight in male Wister rats. Fifteen male rats were assigned into three group five rats each group namely, control, 1-dose, and 2-doses. 1-dose group rats received one dose of cyclophosphamide at dose of 50 mg/kg of body weight, and 2-doses group rats received two doses of cyclophosphamide at dose of 50 mg/kg of body weight. Liver, lungs, kidneys, spleen and testes weight were recorded and collected for histopathological examination. The results showed a decrement in testes and spleen weight of 2-doses treated rats. The histopathology results showed pathological changes in all examined organs of cyclophosphamide treated rat. The fibrosis lesion was observed in 2- doses group’s affected organs. Testicular injury in the 2-doses group involved 10% of the affected testis. In conclusion, cyclophosphamide treatment at dose of 50 mg/kg of body weight to male Wister rats induced multi-organs toxicity. The rats that received two doses of cyclophosphamide as dose of 50 mg/kg of body weight induced fibrosis in affected organs and elevated the testicular injury. Keywords: Cyclophosphamide toxicity, liver toxicity, testes toxicity and kidneys toxicity

Iraqi fish breeding industry suffered a severe fatal outbreak in September and October 2018, where the high mortality rate was observed in Iraqi fish farms especially that depended on cage system breeding. The current study was conducted to investigate and diagnose the phenomena of high mortality in September and October 2018. Twenty-five affected common carp fishes were collected from five fish farms use cages system (five fishes each) on Euphrates River banks. Affected fish samples were analyzed via gross. Histopathology, PCR for viral detection, bacteriology and mycology techniques. The high mortality rate was observed in the all affected farms, which reach to 80% of farms fishes. Grossly, hemorrhage patches in skins of affected fishes were observed. Congestion and hemorrhage were observed in liver, kidneys, spleen and muscle. Also, erosion of gills filament with presence of white to gray patches in affected gills were observed. Histopathology results showed necrosis lesion in gills, liver and kidneys cells with presence of hemorrhage. The qPCR results for virus detection revealed that all tested samples were positive for Koi Herpes virus (KHV). The bacteriology results showed presence of five gram negative bacteria including three species of Aeromonas, Raoultella ornithinolytica and Shewanella putrefaciens. The mycology results showed the presence of Aspergillus fumigatus and Mucor spp. In conclusion, according to results the high mortality outbreak in fish that occurred in September and October 2018, Iraq was due to Koi Herpes virus infection with presence of secondary bacterial or fungal infection . Keywords: 2018 fishes outbreak in Iraq, Common carp, Koi Herpes virus, Bacterial secondary infection

Recent year’s Iraqi inland water suffered from several water crisis resembling in shortage of waters levels in Tigris and Euphrates river system, the main source of water in Iraq. Therefore, the continuous water crisis led to increase the salinity concentration of Tigris and Euphrates water, which observed significantly in south regions of Iraq. The present study was conducted to investigate the histopathological changes in kidney of common carp fish that cultured in high salinity concentration environment in Al Basra governorate, Iraq at October, 2018. 40 fishes sample were obtained from five fish ponds (eight fishes each pond) in north region of AL-Basra governorate, Iraq. Kidney samples were collected for histopathology examination. The kidney samples showed nephrotoxicity resembling in necrosis of renal tubules and proliferative lesion in glomeruli of affected kidneys. In conclusion, during October, 2018 water crisis, the fish that cultured in ponds with high salinity environment supplied from Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in Al Basra governorate, Iraq induced severe nephrotoxicity in kidneys of 70% of examined fishes.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the anti-angiogenesis activity of diet containing 5% of garlic powder (G) on mammary gland carcinoma induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) in female Sprague-Dawley® rats. A total of 24 female Sprague-Dawley® rats were randomly assigned into three groups, namely control, MNU, and MNU+G (n=8). MNU group rats received four consecutive subcutaneous (SU) injections of MNU at a dose of 60 mg/kg per injection and basal diet, MNU+G group rats received four consecutive SU injections of MNU at a dose of 60 mg/kg per injection and diet containing 5% of garlic powder, while control rats were injected with normal saline and fed with normal diet. All rats were euthanized at 24 weeks of experimental period. Microvessel density (MVD) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expressions were investigated through histopathology and immunohistochemistry methods. Results showed MNU-induced ductal mammary gland carcinoma in rats of MNU and MNU+G groups. MVD scoring values showed significant (p<0.05) higher score of MNU group compared to MNU+G and control groups. Overexpression of VEGF was observed significantly (p<0.05) in MNU group compared to MNU+G and control groups. Administration of diet containing 5% of garlic powder to female Sprague-Dawley® rats minimized the development of ductal mammary gland carcinoma by inhibiting the angiogenesis activity. (9) (PDF) LOW LEVELS OF MICROVESSEL DENSITY AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL EXPRESSION OF VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR IN CARCINOGEN-INDUCED DUCTAL MAMMARY GLAND CARCINOMA OF RATS SUPPLEMENTED WITH GARLIC. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322477790_LOW_LEVELS_OF_MICROVESSEL_DENSITY_AND_IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL_EXPRESSION_OF_VASCULAR_ENDOTHELIAL_GROWTH_FACTOR_IN_CARCINOGEN-INDUCED_DUCTAL_MAMMARY_GLAND_CARCINOMA_OF_RATS_SUPPLEMENTED_WITH_GARLIC [accessed Aug 14 2020].