Asst. prof.Hussein Hameed Hassan AL-Turnachy

Multi drug-resistant bacteria have recently arisen increasingly in the arena, creating significant challenges in the treatment of bacterial infections worldwide. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the clinically significant bacterium causes nosocomial infections. This study aimed to screen out class 1, 2, and 3 integrons among multi drug resistance Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. This study selectively targetted Pseudomonas aeruginosa in clinical specimens identified primarily by conventional biochemical tests between December 2023 and March 2024. confirm identification and analyze the antibiotic resistance patterns of these bacteria by using the VITEK 2 Compact system. Mobile resistance genes were screened using intI1, intI2, and intI3 gene-specific primers and conventional PCR. The current study included the collection of 150 clinical specimens from patients suffering from (burns, diabetic foot ulcer, and wound infections) and the findings based on phenotyping characterization by using, nutrient, blood, Macconky agar media, then selective media cetrmide agar seplemented with nalidixic acid to improve selectivity isolation, biochemical tested, final identification to Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates done by automatic VTEK-2 compact device which included 64 biochemical checks on Gram-negative-ID cards showed that only 25.3% (38/150) belong to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, where 60 % (90/150) gave other bacterial growth and 14.6% (22/150) no bacterial growth. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed on 38 Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates to evaluate minimum inhibitary concentration (MIC) levels according to clinical and laboratory standards institute (CLSI) guide 2024 by Viteck 2 compact system AST-GN76 (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) cards and software version 5.01 to know the susceptibility of 38 Pseudomonas aeruginosa to various antibacterials agents revealed that these isolates had resistance rate to norfloxacin 65.78% (25/38), ciprofloxacin 39.47%(15/38), meropenem 28.94%(11/38), imipenem 60.52%(23/38), gentamycin 92.10%(35/38), amikacin 100%(38/38), ceftazidime 89.4%(34/38), cefepime 86.84%(33/38 ) and cefotaxime 84.21(32/38) and observed 5 (13.15%) were multidrug resistance Pseudomonas aeruginosa that are resistance to all antibiotic used in this study. polymerase chain reaction ( PCR) results in all 5 multi drug resistance Pseudomonas aeruginosa carried intgron class 1,2 and 3 gene 100 (5/5) whereas none of these isolates carried intI2,intI3 gene. Mobile multiple resistance genes are suggested as the influential player in the growing multiple resistance of P. aeruginosa. intI1gene was concluded as the putative contributor to the multiple antibiotic-resistant P. aeruginosa infections in healthcare organizations in the province of Babil.

Objective(s): Considering the problems of using medicinal plants in the treatment of diseases and the role of nanotechnology in reducing these challenges, the present research was conducted with the aim of preparing nano-liposomes containing Mentha piperita essential oil and investigating their physicochemical characteristics. Materials and Methods: Four nano-liposome formulations containing essential oil were prepared using cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine by thin layer method. Encapsulation efficiency, size, zeta potential, and essential oil release were measured in all formulations. The appropriate formulation was selected to investigate the morphology of the particles, their interaction between nano-liposomes and essential oil, toxicity, and antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal properties. Then, the stability of the selected formulation was checked for 120 days. Results: Formulation F1 was selected with an encapsulation efficiency of 62.12%, nano-particle size of 121 nm, and zeta potential of -21.8 mV. In this formulation, no interaction between nano-liposomes and essential oil was observed, and the spherical shape and two-layer nature of the nanoparticles were confirmed. Nanoliposomes with and without essential oil caused little toxicity to normal HFF cells and in all concentrations compared to free essential oil, they had more toxicity on MCF-7 cancer cells and higher antioxidant properties. The anti-proliferative effects of nano-liposomes on some microorganisms were higher than the free essential oil. Also, there were slight changes in some physicochemical properties of nanoparticles during 120 days. Conclusion: Considering the suitable physicochemical properties of nano-liposomes containing essential oil and their anti-proliferative effects, these nano-systems can be suggested for further research in the field of cancer and microbial diseases.

Silver rich soil samples were screened for the potent bacteria for AgNPs biosynthesis. Silver resistant bacteria are the potent for AgNPs biosynthesis. K. Pneumoniae strain HHHS1 was isolated and characterized using 16sRNA gene sequencing and VITEK-II, and used for extracellular synthesis of AgNPs by cell free supernatant of BHI culture media. Conditions of synthesis were optimized and biogenic AgNPs were characterized physically using SEM, EDS, AFM, and XRD, and biologically by examining for antibacterial, antibiofilm, and antioxidant activity. Sequencing of 16sRNA gene and distance tree analysis revealed that the isolated K.pneumoniae is a new strain submitted to the NCBI as HHHS1. SEM, EDS, AFM, and XRD analysis for biogenic AgNPs fabricated by this strain revealed spherical, monodispersed NPs with average size 21.9 nm. Optimum conditions of the synthesis environment were found: pH 8, 370C, 8h, substrate concentration was found proportional to AgNPs characteristic.

Background: Neonatal jaundice (NJ) is a significant disease among neonates in Najaf province. It manifests 19% of the total deliveries and 50% of the inpatients, and affects about 60% of term and 80% of preterm neonates during the first week of life. UGT1A1 is a cause of concern in NJ, because it is the most important underlying cause of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. Methods: A cohort of 85neonate sorted into three groups according to the TSB level. Group 1 (TSB<5mg/dl), group 2 (TSB 5-15 mg/dl) and group 3 (TSB <15mg/l). UGT1A1expression and TSB level was assessed for both males and females in each group. Results & Discussion: Results showed high inverse correlation between UGT1A1expression and the ratio of males (r= -0.99, P<0.01), while females ratio expressed high direct correlation with UGT1A1 expression level with correlation coefficient of (r=0.99, P<0.01). This might due to physiological maturity differences of liver between both sexes, and the plasma growth hormone (GH) pulses frequencies (released by the pituitary gland) which affects the expression of liver enzymes. It's found that GH pulses are higher in females than in males. Conclusion: concluding that mean UGT1A1 expression level in females is more than that in the males during neonatal period therefore females are less vulnerable to NJ than males. Aim: The aim of this study is to qualify the UGT1A1 gene expression in both males and females therefore determining health and health care requirements. Keywords: Rule of gender in hyperbilirubinemia, Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal jaundice, UGT1A1 gene expression.

Japan released laptop charged by water with out the need to electricity. http://www.yankodesign.com/2011/07/14/oxygenated-notebook/

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