حسين هادي عباس النعماني

ISSN(Online): 2320-9801 ISSN (Print): 2320-9798

In this book, we find a Markov basis B and toric ideals for (n^2-3n)/3×3×n/3 - contingency tables with fixed two dimensional marginals, n is a multiple of 3 greater than or equal 6, also we give a new model of permutation the pieces of nucleotides in aligned DNA sequences. Then we used the action of the largest subgroup H of dihedral group D_n on these contingency tables and B to find six types of (n^2-3n)/3×3×n/3 - contingency tables with fixed two dimensional marginal, such that the Markov basis B for (n^2-3n)/3×3×n/3 - contingency tables is H invariant, from these types a new model of genetic algorithm of permutation of the pieces of Nucleotides in aligned DNA sequences is given.

In this paper, the notions of a Smarandache p-filter, a Smarandache n-fold p-filter, Smarandache q-filter, a Smarandache-n-fold q-filter of a Smarandache BH-Algebra are introduced. Some properties of them with some theorems, proportions and examples are given.

In this paper we will study a new notion called HSH-algebra with his application in coding and the encryption data

In this paper, The notion of a Smarandache filter of a Smarandache BH-Algebra is introduced, some theorems and examples are investigated and discussed to explain properties of this notion. A necessary and sufficient condition is derived for every Smarandache filter of a Smarandache BH-Algebra to become a filter. Finally, the relationships between this notion and Smarandache ideal are established

In the last decades, there has been a stronger focus on security around the world. One of the important issues in security is the need for correct authentication of persons.

In this book, some types of pseudo BH-algebra and pseudo ideals of pseudo BH-algebra (pseudo P-ideal, pseudo q-ideal, pseudo a-ideal, pseudo multiplicative ideal, pseudo positive implicative ideal, pseudo completely closed ideal are given. This book consists of three chapters, chapter one deals with some basic concepts of BCK-algebra, BCI-algebra, BCH-algebra, BH-algebra, (subalgebra, associative, normal, regular, implicative, positive implicative, essence and ideal of BH-algebra) with some propositions, theorems and examples. Chapter two is devoted to study some types of pseudo BH-algebra, pseudo ideal, pseudo closed ideal, pseudo completely closed ideal, pseudo P-ideal, pseudo q-ideal, pseudo a-ideal, pseudo implicative ideal, pseudo positive implicative ideal, pseudo sub- implicative ideal pseudo BH-algebra and pseudo essence BH-algebra, some theorems, propositions and examples are given to describe the properties of these notions among, in chapter three the relationships among pseudo ideals. Also, the notion of pseudo BH-homomorphism is introduced

In this study, we introduce the notion of closed U-BG-filter and completely closed U-BG-filter in U-BG-BH-algebra and observed that every closed and completely closed filter of a U-BG-BH-algebra is a closed and completely closed U-BG-filter. A necessary and sufficient condition is derived for every closed and completely closed U-BG-filter of U-BG-BH-algebra to become a closed or completely closed filter. Some properties of closed and completely closed U-BG-filter are studied with respect to homomorphism, Cartesian products and quotient U-BG-BH-algebra

In this study, we define the notion of a pseudo B-ideal, a pseudo H-ideal and a pseudo essence of a pseudo BH-algebra. Also, we study some properties and relationship between them

The typical scheme used to generated cryptographic key is a fuzzy extractor. The fuzzy extractor is the extraction of a stable data from biometric data or noisy data based on the error correction code (ECC) method. Forward error correction includes two ways are blocked and convolutional coding used for error control coding. “Bose_Chaudhuri_Hocquenghem” (BCH) is one of the error correcting codes employ to correct errors in noise data. In this paper use fuzzy extractor scheme to find strong key based on BCH coding, face recognition data used SVD method and hash function. Hash_512 converted a string with variable length into a string of fixed length, it aims to protect information against the threat of repudiation

In this paper the notion of a pseudo Samarandache BH-algebra, a psҽuԁo Samarandache ideal, a psҽudo Smarandache closed ideal and a psҽudo Samarandache completely closed ideal of a pseudo Samarandache BH-algebra are defined. There notion are stadied. The relationships among these types of ideals are discussed.

In this paper, the notions of a pseudo enlarged ideal, afuzzy pseudo idealand a fuzzy pseudo enlarged ideal of apseudoBH-algebra are introduced. Some propositions and examples are investigated to study properties of these notions and to determine the relationships among them.

The Markov basis

In this paper, the notions of Q-Smarandache fuzzy ommutative ideal and Q-Smarandache fuzzy sub-commutative ideal of a Q-Smarandache BH-Algebra are introduced, examples and related properties are inves- tigated. Also, the relationships among these notions and other types of Q-Smarandache fuzzy ideal of a Q-Smarandache BH-Algebra are studied.

a Sub Branch of Element Related to an Element in a (BCC, gBCK)-algebras

In this paper, we define the concept of a Q-Smarandache implicative ideal with respect to an element of a Q-Smarandache BH-algebra. We state and prove some theorems which determine the relationships among this notion and other types of ideals of a Q-Smarandache BH-algebra.

In this paper, we give some properties of primary and semi primary ideals of a near ring and link between them. Also, we determine the relationship among these concepts and other types of prime ideals of a near ring.

The segmentation of image is considered as a significant level in image processing system, in order to increase image processing system speed, so each stage in it must be speed reasonably. Fuzzy c-mean clustering is an iterative algorithm to find final groups of large data set such as image so that is will take more time to implementation. This paper produces an improved fuzzy c-mean algorithm that takes less time in finding cluster and used in image segmentation.

In this paper, we study a fuzzy implicative ideal of a BH-algebra. We give some properties of this fuzzy ideal and link it with other types of fuzzy ideals and fuzzy subset of a BH-algebra.

Abstract In this paper, we introduce the notion of a fuzzy completely closed ideal of a BH-algebra and study this notion on a BG-algebra. Also We stated and prove some theorems which determine the relationships between this notion and some types of fuzzy ideals of a BH-algebra.

A new method of blurring and deblurring digital images is presented. The approach is based on using new filters generating from average filter and H-filters using the action of the dihedral group. These filters are called HB-filters; used to cause a motion blur and then deblurring affected images. Also, enhancing images using HB-filters is presented as compared to other methods like Average, Gaussian, and Motion. Results and analysis show that the HB-filters are better in peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and RMSE.

In this paper, we introduce the notion of U-BG-filter in U-BG-BHalgebra and observed that every filter of a U-BG-BH-algebra is a U-BG-filter. A necessary and sufficient condition is derived for every U −BG−f ilter of U −BG−BH −algebra to become a filter. Some properties of U − BG − f ilter are studied with respect to homomorphism, Cartesian products and quotient U − BG − BH − algebra.

Abstract Edge detection is an important task in any image processing application. An edge is a boundary between two disjoint regions. To recognize any unusual objects or growths automatically in medical images, proper edge detection is a crucial step for efficient medical image . Medical images edge detection is an important work for object recognition of the human organs . Edge is detected according to trad methods, but they are not so good for noise medical image edge detection. In this paper, a proposed filter is used to detect the edge of the medical image has been the application of the proposed filter on the actual pictures or fact to find the edge of a high-resolution and this filter has been created by Markov Basis and Laplace filter. It has been observed that the proposed edge detection method performs better than Sobel, Prewitt, Rroberts and Cannys edge detection algorithms.

In this book, we define the concept of a Q-Smarandache implicative ideal of a Q-Smarandache BH-algebra, a Q-Smarandache implicative ideal with respect to an element of a Q-Smarandache BH-algebra in ordinary. Also, we gave the Q-Smarandache ( positive implictive ideal, translation ideal, commutative ideal, sub-commutative ideal, p-ideal and q-ideal) of a Q-Smarandache BH-algebra firstly, then we restricted these notions on Q-Smarandache implicative BH-algebra and Q-Smarandache medial BH-algebra. We stated and proved some theorems which determine the relationships among these notions and other types of ideals of a Q-Smarandache BH-algebra in ordinary algebra and by some examples. We showed that these notions are different. Also, we considered some properties of a Q- Smarandache implicative ideal of a Q-Smarandache BH-algebra in ordinary algebra and link them with these new notions.

In this book, we introduce a new class of a BH-algebra. We call this class a U-BG-BH-algebra, where U is a BG-algebra containing 0 with more than or equal one elements and it is contained in a BH-algebra. Also, we give the concepts of (a U-BG-ideal, a closed U-BG-ideal, a completely closed U-BG-ideal) of a U-BG-BH-algebra. And we study some related properties, the relationships between them and some other ideals of a BH-algebra in ordinary and fuzzy senses. On the other hand, we define (a U-BG-p-ideal, a U-BG-q-ideal and U-BG-strong-ideal) of a U-BG-BH-algebra and combine these types of U-BG-ideals with (a closed U-BG-ideal, a completely closed U-BG-ideal, a U-BG-p-ideal, a U-BG-q-ideal and U-BG-strong-ideal) of a U-BG-BH-algebra

Abstract—Edge detection is one of the basic steps in image processing, image pattern recognition, image analysis and computer vision techniques . it is solving many complex problems, Edge is determined on the basis of the boundary between two different areas of color intensity in the image . In this paper we suggested edge detection method for detection of facial expression to pick up the edge of eyes , mouth’s and other facial expressions of a human face image . we compare the facial expressions for suggested method with the expressions resulting from traditional methods to edge detection ( Sobel, Prewitt , Kirsh , Robinson , Marr-Hildreth , LoG and Canny Edge Detection). The method depend on a suggested filter result from combine some elements of the markov basis found by H.H.Abbas and H.S.Mohammed hussein in 2014 , and Laplace filters , the results of using this suggested method to color image or gray image is more accuracy and clarity than traditional methods. Keywords: image processing, edge detection, color and gray image , Laplace filter , Gaussian, Markov basis. I. INTRODUCTION Edge detection is one of the most commonly used operations in image processing and pattern recognition, the reason for this is that edges form the outline of an object. An edge is the boundary between an object and the background, and indicates the boundary between overlapping objects . Since computer vision involves the identification and classification of objects in an image, edge detection is an essential tool. Efficient and accurate edge detection will lead to increase the performance of subsequent image processing techniques, including image segmentation, object-based image coding, and image retrieval . The purpose of edge detection in general is to significantly reduce the amount of data in an image, while preserving the structural properties to be used for further image processing . The major property of the edge detection technique is its ability to extract the exact edge line with good orientation . The main features can be extracted from the edges of an image. Edge detection has major feature for image analysis. These features are used by advanced computer vision algorithms . Spatial masks can be used to detect all the three types of discontinuities in an image . There are many edge detection techniques Those techniques are Roberts edge detection, Sobel Edge Detection, Prewitt edge detection, Kirsh edge detection, Robinson edge detection, Marr-Hildreth edge detection, LoG edge detection and Canny Edge Detection[1][2] .

In this book we introduce the concepts of a completely closed ideal of a BH-algebra, a completely closed ideal with respect to an element of a BH-algebra, a completely closed filter, a completely closed filter of a BH-algebra and a closed filter with respect to an element of a BH-algebra. We prove many relations and theorems among these notions and some other types of ideals and filters of a BH-algebra. On the other hand, in fuzzy sense, we define the concepts of a fuzzy completely closed ideal, a fuzzy completely closed filter, a fuzzy completely closed ideal with respect to an element of a BH-algebra and a fuzzy closed filter with respect to an element of a BH-algebra. Also we study all these new notions in ordinary and fuzzy senses when BH-algebra is a BG-algebra.