Huda Krebit Hundi Al-Hajimy

Organic matter increases biological activity within the root zone because it contains beneficial microbes that stimulate vital processes. This study aimed to determine the effect of Ochrobactrum anthropi added to the soil as a single or mixed solution with different concentrations of organic matter on the vegetative growth of the zinnia plant and its content of nutrients. The study was conducted with a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The plant was grown in soil with a high salinity level of 8 ds m–1. Plant characteristics were estimated 30 and 60 days after planting the plant. The treatment with the addition of bio-inoculum produced the best results; within 30 days, there was a 56.89% increase in plant length; after 60 days, there was a 52.56% increase; additionally, there was a 52.56% increase in leaf count within 30 days; after 60 days, there was a 53.50% increase; and finally, there was an increase in flower count. For plants after 60 days, it reached 3.66%. With the addition of bio-inoculum to soil at a level of 3 gm kg–1 of organic matter, the mixing treatment achieved the highest dry weight, 29.86%. The addition of bio-inoculum resulted in the largest and most significant increase in chlorophyll content in leaves, reaching 18.76%. In the mixing addition of the biological inoculum treatment, the organic content of the plant showed an increase in nitrogen (14.38%), phosphorus (21.18%), and potassium (39.75%) at 2 and 3 gm kg–1 organic matter, respectively

This study investigates the effects of natural zeolite and seaweed extract (SWE) on soil properties and morphological traits of Rosa damascena grown in Zemij soil under greenhouse conditions. Zeolite was applied at concentrations of 0, 5, and 10 mg L−1, while SWE was foliar-applied at 0, 10, and 30 mL L−1 using a randomized complete block design. The results showed that SWE significantly improved plant height, number of leaves, lateral shoots, leaf area, and both shoot and root dry weights, with the most notable effects at 30 mL L⁻¹. Although zeolite had a limited individual impact, its interaction with SWE-particularly at 5 mg L−1-led to synergistic improvements in root growth. From an environmental perspective, the findings suggest that both zeolite and SWE can serve as sustainable biostimulants, reducing dependence on chemical fertilizers. This approach contributes to improving soil fertility and resilience against degradation, while minimizing environmental pollution commonly associated with conventional agricultural inputs. The use of these natural amendments in low-fertility soils offers an environmentally friendly and economically viable option for sustainable ornamental plant production, particularly for high-value species like Rosa

This study was carried out in a greenhouse associated to the College of Technical Agriculture in Al-Musayyab (32°36′59″ N, 44°22′25″ E) during the 2024 -2025 growing season. The objective was to assess how commercial potassium humate fertilizer (PowHumus WSG 85) at five levels (0, 10, 15, 20 and 25 mL L-1 ) and zinc spray at three levels (0, 10 and 20 g L-1 ) interacted to enhance S. lycopersicum L. plant growth and productivity. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three repetitions, using a drip irrigation system. Seedlings (40 daysold) were transplanted at 40 cm spacing. Two foliar spraying were applied: the first 20 days after transplanting and the second, 20 days later. Measurements included: plant height, total number of leaves, number of flower cluster, number of flowers, number of fruits, fruit weight and total yield per plant. The best results were obtained by the combination with the maximum concentration of potassium humate (25 mL L-1 ) and zinc (20 g L-1 ), which produced notable changes. The following values were attained: 36.3 leaves, 8.03 panicles, 67.2 flowers, 23.8 fruits, 83.4 g of fruit weight, 84.2 cm of plant height and 1984.9 gm plant-1 for total yield. Based on these results, it is possible to enhance the vegetative growth, flowering and production of tomatoes cultivated in protected environments by utilizing the combination of zinc and potassium humate. Future studies across varieties and environments are recommended to validate these results and assess economic feasibility before large-scale adoption in sustainable fertilization programs

evaluating its productive potential, and managing land and water resources

The effects of climate change on soil properties and water use efficiency, highlighting sustainable soil management strategies and modern irrigation techniques to mitigate salinity and enhance agricultural productivity.

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