حيدر نزار محمود جاووش

Talent identification (TID) in sports has been found to be heavily influenced by the expertise and judgment of the coach. However, the factors that inform this judgment have been found to be complex and understudied, especially in the sport of fencing. Inconsistencies have also been found in the concept and construct of TID in the development programs of young athletes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the essential criteria that inform TID in young male fencers aged between 12 and 15 years and to describe the criteria in the selection of young athletes to a fencing club. A qualitative research methodology was employed in this study. In this research, six male coaches from professional clubs affiliated with the Iraqi Fencing Federation were interviewed. The results of this study revealed that technical, tactical, and mental factors, especially fencing ability, decision-making capacity, and intrinsic motivational factors, were found to be essential in TID. Physiological, physical, and anthropometric factors were also found to be of little importance in TID. In conclusion, TID in young fencers needs to be informed by a holistic approach that considers different dimensions of development. Further research in this area needs to be conducted to refine the criteria in TID.

The psychological factors that affect any person in one way or another, whether on the pattern of his behavior or the level of his achievement. Since psychological anxiety is currently considered one of the important elements that may affect the level of achievement of athletes, the researcher found that there is a need to know the relationship between anxiety and achievement for the 100-meter effectiveness. And the research objective recognizing the relationship between psychological anxiety and achievement for the Baghdad University team in the arena and the field for the 100-meter event, The research community included (20) players, (15) players were selected from among them to represent the research community, afterdeporting (5) as an pilot sample.After collecting and extracting the data, it was processed statistically to reach the most important conclusions : The greater the physical and psychological preparation of the athlete, the more anxiety turns into a positive influence that works to produce greater energy and achieve the goal.

The sports field has become a civilized phenomenon in most countries of the world. sport games have become one of the important criteria to measure how much the countries are developed. Sports physiology has a great and effective role in the sports field. It is concerned with studying the physiology of internal organs and identifying the effects that occur to internal organs and tissues as a result of sports training. This paper tries to identify the functional indicators that lead to the development of the achievement level of 110 hurdlers players. At the same time, consider the functional indicators of player body (heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respiratory rate (that related to the effectiveness of 110 barriers. The target sample in this study was from Al-Qasim Club players from Iraq, the category of applicants for the season (2021-2022), and their number was (10) players. The statistical program SPSS was used to process the results. The statistical analysis showed that there is a significant relationship between some of functional indicators that used in this work and the achievement. The functional indicators that have a significant relationship with achievement were heart and respiratory rate. While as, the relationship between systolic blood pressure and the achievement was week. The final functional indicator was diastolic blood pressure showed there is no relationship between this indicator and the achievement. There is no doubt the regular exercise improves the level of functional indicators in player's body; thus, this will be reflected on the level of achievement.

Leadership style is a critical factor in achieving success in any field or goal. In sport, it is necessary to consider the complementarity between the coach’s leadership style and sporting satisfaction to achieve team success. In this study, we examine this factor using 194 male football players from public university teams. The research methodology aims to examine the multidimensional model of leadership style to understand the relationship between the five types of leadership styles training and instructions, social support, positive feedback, democratic leadership and autocratic leadership and athletes' satisfaction. Both aspects were captured through (i) the Leadership Scale of sports to assess leadership style and (ii) the Athlete Satisfaction Questionnaire to assess athlete satisfaction. SPSS was used in statistical analysis of data. From the correlation results, the relationships between all facets of leadership style (training and instruction, autocratic style, democratic style, social support, and positive feedback) and athlete satisfaction are significant. Furthermore, multiple regression analysis found that autocratic leadership was negatively associated with athlete satisfaction. In contrast, a positive relationship was found for the styles of training and guidance, democratic leadership, social support and positive feedback. The relationship between the coaches' leadership style and the athletes' satisfaction is underlined by the results of this research. The leadership style practised by the coach, with which the athletes are satisfied, achieves the desired goal of promoting quality education.

All domains in this world built based on set of theories. Those theories have been responsible for interpretation of some phenomena and interlocking relationships around us. Commonly, theories are categorized by which aspect is believed. Also,can find a group of theories produced regardingto the leadership domain. This paper will be presented some of these theories like (Great Man Theory, Trait Theory, Behavioral Theories, Contingency Theories, Situational Theory, Transactional Theories, and Transformational Theories). where these theories considered the most popular and common in the field of leader and will be discussed by this work

The leadership style is a critical determinant of success in any field of endeavour. The leadership style and athletes’ satisfaction are considered as one of the significant factors in the sport fields. The purpose on these studies is the leadership style among coaches and the relationship between football player in Iraqi Public Universities. These researches are using the cross-sectional survey as research design. This study comprised a total of 194 male soccer players from all eleven public Iraqi’s universities football teams. The instrument of this research are the Multidimensional Model of Leadership (MML), a model to identify the relationship between five leadership styles (Training & Instruction, Autocratic Style, Democratic Style, Social Support, and Positive Feedback) and athletes’ satisfaction which including two instruments namely Leadership Scale for Sport (LSS), to determine leadership style, and Athlete Satisfaction Questionnaire (ASQ), to examine athletes’ satisfaction. The descriptive statistics results show that the most popular Iraqi coaches leadership style among the five basic leadership styles was training and instruction (M = 3.487). The results of satisfaction athlete’s subscale show that the most popular is personal treatment (M = 5.946). There are the relationship between leadership style and athletes’ satisfaction where’s the team performance has a high relationship between leadership style (r = .563, p < .05). The personal treatment has a high relationship between democratic style (r = .482, p < .05), the training and instruction has a high relationship between leadership style (r = .655, p < .05), and the individual performance has a high relationship between social support (r = .595, p < .05). In the nutshell, the athletes’ satisfaction has a high relationship between leadership style (r = .781, p < .05). The findings of this research emphasize the importance of the relationship between the coach leadership styles and the satisfaction of the athletes. A proper leadership style of a coach has a significant positive effect on athletes’ satisfaction. In the other words, when the coach has a negative leadership style, it decreases the athletes' satisfaction and the team performance in general.