Hayder Hamzah Ali AL-Hadrawi

Abstract Background Health care providers (HCPs) have always been a common target of stigmatization during widespread infections and COVID-19 is not an exception. Aim This study aims to investigate the prevalence of stigmatization during the COVID-19 pandemic among HCPs in seven different countries using the Stigma COVID-19 Healthcare Providers tool (S19-HCPs). Design Cross-sectional. Methods The S19-HCPs is a self-administered online survey (16-item) developed and validated by the research team. The participants were invited to complete an online survey. Data collection started from June–July 2020 using a convenience sample of HCPs from Iraq, Jordan, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Indonesia, Philippines, and Kuwait. Results A total number of 1726 participants were included in the final analysis. The majority of the study participants were Jordanians (22%), followed by Kuwaitis (19%), Filipinos (18%) and the lowest participants were Indonesians (6%). Other nationalities were Iraqis, Saudis, and Egyptians with 15%, 11% and 9% respectively. Among the respondents, 57% have worked either in a COVID-19 designated facility or in a quarantine center and 78% claimed that they had received training for COVID-19. Statistical significance between COVID-19 stigma and demographic variables were found in all aspect of the S19-HCPs. Conclusion The findings of this study demonstrated high levels of stigmatization against HCPs in all the included seven countries. On the other hand, they are still perceived positively by their communities and in their utmost, highly motivated to care for COVID-19 patients. Educational and awareness programs could have a crucial role in the solution of stigmatization problems over the world.

Purpose: The S19-HCPs tool evaluates the stigma towards healthcare providers working with patients with COVID-19. Materials and Methods: The psychometric properties of the Arabic and English versions of the S19-HCPs were examined. A survey using the S19-HCPs scale was administered online. Two reliability analyses were used in this study to identify the extent to which S19-HCPs shows consistent results (internal consistency and test–retest reliability). The English version of the scale was piloted on 33 Jordanian and the Arabic version on 27 Iraqi participants. Results: The internal consistency of the English and Arabic S19-HCPs was satisfactory (α = 0.79, 0.74, respectively). Two-week test–retest correlations were all statistically significant (ICC = 0.91, 0.89, respectively). Conclusion: The S19-HCPs is psychometrically robust and can be used in research assessing the stigma towards healthcare providers working with patients with COVID-19 in English and Arabic-speaking countries. Keywords: coronavirus, COVID-19, stigma, S19-HCPs, Arabic S19-HCPs, English S19-HCPs

This study aimed to examine the validity and reliability of an Arabic version of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ-10) Scale. Assessing individuals’ cognitive appraisal is considered to be a challenge. It is a sensitive process and any intervention considered should be based on the assessment results; therefore, it has become crucial to have language and culturally appropriate tool to measure the way of individual appraise stressful situations. 165nursing students both males and females participated in this study. Test-retest reliability was examined by re-administering the translated ERQ-10 to a subset of 32nursing students at least one week after the initial administrating. Study results shows that the Cronbach alpha of the study instrument is 0.83 and the CVR=0.86 and CVI= 0.80. Present study represent that the Arabic version of the emotional regulation quastionnare-10 is highly valid and reliable and can be used among adolescents and students. KEYWORDS: RELIABILITY, VALIDITY, EMOTION REGULATION QUESTIONNAIRE.

Background: Emotional Intelligence is a broad concept that connecting various personality and cognitive traits of human beings. The concept of emotional intelligence is described as the individual’s capability of recognizing their own emotions and the emotions of others, and practice this understanding to navigate important interactions successfully. Aims: The purpose of this study is to assess emotional intelligence among nurses working in psychiatric hospitals, as well as the relationship between emotional intelligence and workplace stress. Methodology: A descriptive correlational study design using a convenience sample of (N=109) nurses working in two main psychiatric hospitals. Two separated scales (The Emotional Intelligence Scale-34 items and The Work-related Stress scale-24 items) was used to meet the study objectives. Results: The study findings indicate that emotional intelligence levels were ranged between moderate to high among study participants. However, the majority had moderate work-related stress about (61%). Nurses’ work stress was found to have significant relationship with their emotional intelligent level. Conclusion and Recommendations: Despite the positive levels of emotional intelligence nurse have, working in psychiatric hospitals is still cause of stress for nurses. The statistical relationship found in this study highlights the importance of enhancing emotional intelligence among nurses working in psychiatric hospitals settings by engaging them in effective training programs to maximize their abilities of adjustment and reduce their levels of work-stress.

Background: Parents of children with different disabilities have been found as a vulnerable group for significant levels of psychological stress; however, the stress is higher among parents caring for children with autism. Parents’ stress negatively impacts children in many ways; it influences the cognitive function of children, in addition to their behavior and the communication skills. Aims: This study aimed to measure the level of psychological stress among parents of children with autistic spectrum disorder, as well as measuring the relationship between parenting stress and their life satisfaction. Method: A descriptive correlational study was conducted on a convenience sample (N = 75) of parents of autistic children. The Arabic Version of Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale and the Satisfaction with Life Scale were used to assess the level of stress and the level of life satisfaction among parents of children with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) Results: About 83% of parents have levels of psychological stress ranged between moderate to severe level and 36% of parents were dissatisfied with their lives. There was an inverse correlation between parents’ psychological stress and their satisfaction with life. Conclusion and recommendations: Having a child with autism is extremely stressful as a result of the total dependency on families in all children’s daily life activities. Parents’ satisfaction level with life is linked to their level of psychological stress; consequently, parents’ stress can be an alarming sign against parents’ future health and lives, which increases the need for significant attention in terms of stress management programs designed for parents and new strategies of making autistic children as self-dependent as possible.

ackground: Health care professionals working in infectious diseases units or hospitals are at higher risk for being affected by certain contagious pathogens than other professional groups through direct contact, equipment, and contaminated supplies; therefore, they are working under ongoing stress that negatively impacting their psychological well-being. Aims: This study aims to assess the mental well-being of healthcare professionals working in infectious diseases units and compare these results to the score of other healthcare professionals working in other units. Methodology: A comparative study design using a convenience sample of (N=300) healthcare professionals (150 working in the infectious diseases units and 150 working in different units). The General Health Questionnaire-28 was used to assess the mental health of study subjects. Results: Recent findings indicate a statistically difference between study group and comparative group (p= <0.05), which means that healthcare providers working in the infectious disease units are at higher risk for psychological disturbance than the comparative group. Moreover, other work factors are found to have significant relationship with professionals’ mental health, such as infection prevention trainings, years of experience in infectious diseases units, availability of personal protection equipment and hand hygiene, and number of patients in the unit. Conclusion: Working in high risk work environment increases the concern about personal safety and impose ongoing stress, which negatively influence professional’s mental well-being. More training about infection prevention and provide personal protection materials help reducing the risk of disease transmission among patients and to health care providers.