Hayder Sadaq Jaafer Al-Ibraheemi

Thestudywas conductedin the Department of Horticulture and Forestry, Directorate General forAgriculture inNajaf province, during 2021spring season toexaminethe physiological effects of nano-amino acids and potassium silicate on some quantitative and qualitative indicatorsof (Capsicum annuumL.).12 treatmentsincludingfour concentrations ofnano-amino acidsas a foliar feed (0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5ml.L-1) and three concentrations of potassium silicate (0, 2 and 4ml.L-1) were applied by spraying these concentrations of the vegetative growth of sweet pepper cv. California Wonder. A factorial experiment was arranged usingrandomized complete blocks design (RCBD) withthree replicatesand the ANOVA analysis was done using least significant difference test (L.S.D.) at 5% level of significance (P>0.05). Results showed that treatment of spraying 1.5ml.L-1of Nano amino acids was exceled significantly other treatment in all studied traits,and gave the highest average of quantitative and qualitativeyieldincluding fruits content of total soluble carbohydrates, vitamin C, fruits content of capsaicin andfruits content of total phenols.Thetreatment of spraying 4ml.L-1of potassium silicate was significantly exceled other concentrations and gave the highest increasing in quantitativeand qualitativeindicators.

Current study was carried out in the Department of Horticulture and Forestry, Directorate General for Agriculture in Najaf province, during 2021 spring season to determine the response of growth and yield of (Capsicum annuum L.) to the spraying with nano-amino acids and potassium silicate. 12 treatments including four concentrations of nano-amino acids as a foliar feed (0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5ml.L-1) and three concentrations of potassium silicate (0, 2 and 4ml.L-1) were applied by spraying these concentrations of the vegetative growth of sweet pepper cv. California Wonder. A factorial experiment was arranged using randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) with three replicates and the ANOVA analysis was done using least significant difference test (L.S.D.) at 5% level of significance (P>0.05). Results showed that treatment of spraying 1.5ml.L-1 of Nano amino acids was exceled other treatment of foliar spraying in all studied traits, and gave the highest average of growth, yield including plant height, total number of leaves, leaf area, dry weight of total vegetative, dry weight of root, fruits number, the yield of a single plant and total yield. The treatment of spraying 4ml.L-1of potassium silicate was significantly exceled other concentrations and gave the highest increasing in vegetative and quantitative indicators.

The latest study aimed to assess the response of the broad bean to the magnetically-treated irrigation water and foliar application of nano-seaweed extract for growth and productivity traits. This experiment took place during the growing season of 2020–2021 under field conditions at Al-Najaf Governorate, Iraq. Turkish broad bean cultivar 'Luz-de-otono' was grown in a split-plot design by two factors with three replicates. The main plots received magnetized irrigation water with three diverse intensities (zero, 1000, and 2000 Gauss), while the nano-seaweed extract with three concentrations (0, 1, and 2 ml.L-1) in the subplots. On average, the magnetization treatment at 2000 Gauss attained significant improvement in the growth and morphological traits (plant height, branch number per plant, leaf number, leaf area, and total leaf chlorophyll content) and yield traits (pod number, pod weight, plant yield, and total yield), compared with the control that gave the lowest values. Nanoseaweed foliar application at 2 ml.L-1 also revealed a significant increase and improvement in the same growth, morphological, and yield-related traits aforementioned, compared with the control treatment that gave the minimum values. Correspondingly, the interaction between both factors (magnetization intensity 2000 Gauss + Seaweed at 2 ml.L-1) also showed significant effects and provided the highest averages of plant height (36.05 cm), branch number per plant (7.04 branch.plant-1), leaf number (72.19 leaves.plant-1), leaf area (3775.88 cm2.plant-1), and total leaf chlorophyll content (45.47 mg.100 g-1 FW) and yield traits: pod number (19.11 pods.plant-1), pod weight (26.87 g), plant yield (513.49 g), and total yield (11.61 t.ha-1), compared with the control treatment.

The experiment included 8 treatments which are possible combinations of two seed treatments before planting (without soaking and soaking in water for 12 hours) and three levels of fertilizer (10 tons. Kg -1 organic fertilizer + 500 kg S h -1 agricultural sulfur, 20 tons kg -1 organic fertilizer + 750 Kg S h -1 agricultural sulfur, 30 tons kg -1 organic fertilizer +1000 kg S h -1 agricultural sulfur) in addition to the comparison treatment (without fertilization) The split-plot design was carried out as a one-time split-plot design according to the Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) and with three iterations for each treatment. The arithmetic means of the transactions were compared using the L.S.D test at a 0.05 level of significance. The most important results are summarized as follows: The results showed significant superiority of seed soaking before planting in vegetative growth characteristics such as plant height, a number of side branches, and chemical characteristics such as leaf content of total chlorophyll and the percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the leaves, and soaking the seeds before planting resulted in a significant increase in the overall productivity of the plant. An increase of 123.64% compared to not soaking the seeds The results also showed a significant superiority for adding organic and mineral fertilizers together in all the characteristics of vegetative growth, chemical characteristics, and quantitative yield, especially at the levels 20 tons kg -1 organic fertilizer + 750 kg S h -1 agricultural sulfur and 30 tons kg -1organic fertilizer +1000 kg S h -1 agricultural sulfur.

Field experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at Al-Najaf Agriculture directorate at a Najaf province during the growing season 2017-2018, to study the effect of organic fertilizer “Humi Max” (12% humic and 6% fulvic fortified with Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu) sprayed at three concentrations (0, 6 and 12 ml l ) and the variable number of harvests (3, 6 or 9 harvesting times) during the growing season on vegetative -1 growth and yield parameters of eggplant. Plants were sprayed three times at 25-day intervals. The spraying with the organic fertilizer significantly improved the vegetative growth parameters (plant height, stem diameter, total number of leaves and leaves content of total chlorophyll) and yield components (number of fruits per plant, fruit weight and total yield) compared untreated plants. They also differed significantly with the number of harvest being significantly higher in 9 harvest followed by 6 and 3. Humi Max at a 12 ml l and 9 times of harvest -1 was best combination resulting in the highest increase of studied parameters followed by interaction of the same concentration with 6 and 3 harvesting times, respectively