Hawraa Abdulameer Ali Al-Dahhan

Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder defined by distinct serological and histological alterations induced by the consumption of gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. This study aims to assess the levels of antibodies (anti - tTG and anti - AGA) as in the serum of patients with celiac disease. This case-control study involved 85 celiac disease patients (35 males and 50 females) recruited between July 2023 and December 2023. Samples were collected from the Internal Medicine Unit at Al-Sadder Medical City and the Specialized Hospital for Gastroenterology and Hepatology in Al-Najaf province. The age of the patients ranged from 5 to 60 years old. All patients underwent comprehensive general and clinical examinations to validate the diagnosis of CD using various serological kits ( tTG - IgA, tTG - IgG, AGA - IgA,& AGA – IgG ). A healthy control groups comprising 30 individuals comparable for (age and sex) was also included. The findings of the present study indicated that no significant differences were observed among patients with age groups, and most patients with celiac disease were between (15-24) years. The present data revealed that females in CD patients presented in a significant high percentage (58.82%) than male (41.17%). In relation to serum levels of anti-tissue transglutaminase (anti-TTG) antibodies, including IgA and IgG, in patients with celiac disease (CD), the level between 12 and 18 AU/ml considered as an equivocal threshold serves as the distinguishing point between positive and negative results. There was no significant difference observed (p > 0.05) between level of anti-TTG IgA& IgG in celiac disease patients. The mean of anti-tissue transglutaminase (anti-TTG) IgA antibody level was 72.06±91.45 AU/ ml in the patient groups. 75 out of 85(88.23%) of CD patients appeared with positive values (>18 AU/ml) with no significant difference with negative value. The mean of anti-tissue transglutaminase (anti-TTG) IgG antibody level was 51.88±57.69 AU/ ml. The patients with negative results falling below the 12 AU/ml was 14.11% while those with positive values (>18 AU/ml) were 85.88% with significant difference. There was a significantdifference (p<0.05) between level of anti-AGA IgA& anti-AGA IgG in CD patients. the positive anti-AGA (IgA&IgG)cases of patient group were higher (68.9% and 88.23%) than negative results (31.1% and 11.76 %), respectivelly with no significant difference.

infectious disease 19 (COVID-19) patients were in cluded in this study .There were diagnosis according to their symptom and positive qPCR nasopharyngeal swab as reported by WHO guide, (146 ) male and (104) female with a medium age (51)year. In the current study, the haemolytical laboratory findings of patients, showed elevated number of leukocyte (18.3), lymphopenia (11.4%) ,higher neutrophil (81.95), higher neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR: 7.1 ) .Some immunological biomarker were estimated in this aspect such as CRP,IL-6 ,CXCL10, and TNFα by using techniques : nephlometry for CRP , enzymelinked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) for CXCL10, and TNF α ,respectively. The mean level of all cytokines ( CRP, IL-6, TNF α) significantly (<0.0001 ) increased during infection than normal value, the age group (≥ 66 ) appeared high level of CRP(74.7 ±3.3 ) and TNF α (35± 2.3) followed by 56-65 age group in (53.4 ±10 and 33 ± 1.7 for CRP and TNF α ,respectively. high level of IL-6 appeared in ≥ 66 ( 54.2 - 6.4 ) ,while less level (10.1- 2.47 ) appeared in( 26- 35) age group.in this study the mean level of CXCL10 decrease during the increase of age from( 125 ± 11.5) to 42- 11.4 in ≤ 15 and ≥ 66 age group ,respectively. positive correlation was appeared between CXCL10 and Lymphocyte.

This study was aimed to detecting three different virulence genes (UreC, HmpA and ZapA ) for Proteus mirabilis isolated from different clinical samples ( urine from UTI non-Rheumatoid arthritis patients, urine from UTI Rheumatoid arthritis patients, wound swaps , chronic supportive otitis media(CSOM) and cerebrospinal fluid aspirate(CSF). Three hundred (300) different clinical samples were collected and cultured on blood agar and macConky agar. 40 of samples were identified as P. mirabilis , biochemical test and VITEK 2 system used to complete the identification. Phenotypic detection appeared the present 100% of urease enzyme (on urea agar) hemolysin enzyme ( on blood agar), swarming phenomena (on agar plate ) while protease enzyme detection (on skim milk agar) present in 54% of isolates. Molecular results by PCR present UreC, HmpA and ZapA genes in 100 % in 40 isolates. Antibiotic Susceptibility test of Proteus mirabilis based on Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method on Muller-Hinton agar to (14) different antimicrobial agents appeared 100% resistance to Aminoxicillin /clav, Cefotaxime and Erythromycin while the lowest resistance was against Impenem, Ciprofloxacin, Meropenem and Gentamicin (12.5%, 15 %, 20% and 47.5%), respectively. In conclusion: Proteus mirabilis can isolated from different clinical samples and have virulence factors responsible for its pathogenicity and there is no difference in PCR result for these genes (UreC, HmpA and ZapA ) between RA and different clinical samples.

This study was aimed to detecting difference in proteins separation by SDS-Page for Proteus mirabilis isolated from urine of non-Rheumatoid arthritis patients have urinary tract infection , urine from Rheumatoid arthritis patients have urinary tract infection. Two hundred (200) urine sample collected from non RA patient30 urine sample from RA patient. These clinical samples were collected and cultured on blood agar and macConky agar. 32 isolates were identified as p. mirabilis by using biochemical test and VITEK 2 system used to complete the identification. The current study used SDS-Page technique for proteins analysis of Proteus mirabilis for both RA patient and non RA patient to detect the differences between them and the result appeared that there are no differences in total protein, insoluble proteins and soluble protein at different pH. Values (6.0, 7.0 & 8.0) at 37 cº, also the result shown differences in the cell –free culture supernatants between Proteus mirabilis from urine of both rheumatoid arthritis patients and non-rheumatoid arthritis patient in pH.8.0 at 37 cº in 7 h. by band appeared in pH.8.0 at 37 cº in 7 h in RA .and there is no band in non RA at the same condition. In conclusion: Proteus mirabilis isolated from urinary tract infection of Rheumatoid arthritis patients shown difference in the cell –free culture supernatants in compare to Proteus mirabilis isolated from urinary tract infection of non-Rheumatoid arthritis patient at the same proteins separation conditions.