هاشم حيدر يوسف الصراف

General Background: The rapid expansion of digital assets and financial technology has created new challenges for accounting measurement, auditing practices, and financial reporting systems. Specific Background: Traditional accounting approaches often face difficulties in recognizing measuring, and disclosing digital assets due to their unique technological and economic characteristics. Knowledge Gap: Despite growing interest in digital assets, limited empirical evidence exists regarding the combined role of financial technology and electronic auditing in developing accounting measurement practices. Aims: This study examines the role of financial technology and electronic auditing in developing accounting measurement for digital assets. Results: The findings indicate strong positive relationships among financial technology, electronic auditing, and accounting measurement development. Regression analysis shows that financial technology and electronic auditing significantly contribute to accounting measurement development, with financial technology demonstrating the stronger contribution. The model explains 70.5% of the variation in accounting measurement development. Novelty: The study integrates financial technology and electronic auditing within a single framework to explain improvements in accounting measurement for digital assets. Implications: The findings support the development of specialized accounting standards, advanced electronic auditing systems, digital infrastructure, and professional training programs to improve the measurement, disclosure, and auditing of digital assets. Keywords: Financial Technology, Electronic Auditing, Digital Assets, Accounting Measurement, Blockchain Accounting

The research aims to clarify the conceptual framework of asset impairment according to International Accounting Standard No. 36 (IAS 36) and state the role of accounting disclosure as a tool to improve the qualitative characteristics and quality of financial reports. It also aims to apply IAS 36 practically to the Kufa Cement Factory and measure the impact of recognizing impairment losses on financial performance indicators (before and after adjustment), and prepare financial reports related to asset impairment according to IAS 36 and the level of accompanying accounting disclosure and its impact on financial performance and the quality of financial reports. This is in light of the rapid transformations in the contemporary business environment that require economic units to adapt to international accounting standards to ensure the provision of transparent and reliable financial information. The quantitative analytical case study approach was utilized in the Kufa Cement Factory for the period (2023-2024) to meet the research objectives. One of the most noteworthy conclusions reached by the research is that the precise application of the requirements of the standard and the accompanying accounting disclosure led to the recognition of a loss in the value of assets exceeding 256 million Iraqi dinars. The investigation showed that despite the immediate negative effect of this loss on profitability indicators, there was a positive corrective effect. The indicators of asset management efficiency improved significantly (34%), and the operating revenue capability improved by 14%. The recognition of an asset impairment and the appropriate disclosure with it are not just formal accounting procedures but they are important tools for reducing the earnings management practices and improving the qualitative characteristics of accounting information, in particular the qualities of faithful representation and relevance. This contributes to enhancing the quality of financial reporting, and better reflects the genuine financial performance of economic organizations.

Abstract This study investigates the impact of corporate governance practices on the reliability of financial reporting in Iraqi private commercial banks listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange (ISX) during the period 2015–2024, with a specific focus on the mediating role of Big Data Analytics (BDA). The research addresses the persistent problem of low reporting reliability in Iraq, which stems from weak governance mechanisms, ownership concentration, limited enforcement of international standards, and underdeveloped technological infrastructures. A quantitative methodology was adopted, combining secondary data from annual reports and governance disclosures with primary data collected through structured questionnaires distributed to board members, audit committee members, and internal auditors. Analytical techniques included descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, multiple regression, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The findings reveal that board independence and audit committee activity are the strongest predictors of financial reporting reliability. Conversely, institutional ownership showed no significant effect, largely due to the high concentration of ownership in Iraqi banks. External audit quality demonstrated a moderate positive influence. Importantly, Big Data Analytics significantly mediated the relationship between governance and reporting reliability increasing the model’s explanatory power from 28% to 51%. Larger banks exhibited higher adoption of BDA and greater compliance with IFRS standards compared to smaller banks. This study contributes to the limited literature on governance and reporting quality within Iraq by offering an integrated model that combines corporate governance mechanisms with digital analytics capabilities. It further provides practical recommendations for regulators and banking institutions seeking to enhance transparency and strengthen confidence in Iraq’s financial sector. Keywords:Corporate Governance ,Financial Reporting Reliability, Big Data Analytics ,Audit Quality,IFRS Compliance

The research aims to measure the impact of free cash flow on the efficiency of investment decisions, and this goal is achieved by identifying the concept of free cash flow and the concept of the efficiency of investment decisions, and identifying the impact of cash flow on the efficiency of investment decisions, by relying on annual financial reports data for a sample of Iraqi companies Listed in the Iraq Stock Exchange, which numbered (27) companies, represented by (15) companies from the banking sector, (8) companies from the industrial sector and (4) companies from the insurance sector for the period from (2011-2020). For the purpose of measuring free cash flow, the model (Brigham & Houston, 2019) was used, and the model (Richardson, 2006) was used to measure the efficiency of investment decisions. The research reached several results, the most important of which is that there is a statistically significant effect of free cash flow on the efficiency of investment decisions. The most important thing recommended by the researcher is the need for companies listed in the Iraqi Stock Exchange to provide sufficient information about the free cash flow (FCF) and optional disclosure about it because this disclosure provides important information for all parties that have interests and objectives linked to the firm, and helps them in making investment decisions related to the firm as well. Study and analyze the financial data for making investment decisions in detail and follow the methods of evaluating investment projects (economic feasibility study) to prevent wrong (sub-optimal) investment decisions that result in huge irreversible losses.

The research aims to measure the effect of free cash flow on the efficiency of investment decisions and their reflection on the value of the firm. The free and efficient investment decisions in the value of the firm, based on the data of the annual financial reports for a sample of the Iraqi companies listed in the Iraqi Stock Exchange, which numbered (27) companies, represented by (15) companies from the banking sector and (8) companies from the industrial sector and (4) A firm from the insurance sector for the period from (2011- 2020). For the purpose of measuring free cash flow, the (Brigham & Houston, 2019) model was used, and the (Richardson, 2006) model was used to measure the efficiency of investment decisions. Using the statistical program (SPAS) to find out the size of the effect between the research variables