حسن رحيم حمود الكريطي

Background: Diabetic neuropathy is considered the most common prevalent microvascular complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus, manifested by progressive nerve destruction resulting from metabolic and inflammatory mechanisms. The role of IL-39 as a novel pro-inflammatory mediator in diabetic neuropathy has not been clarified yet. Objective: To assess serum levels of IL-39 and evaluate its clinical diagnostic performance in patients with diabetic neuropathy. Methods: This case-control study recruited patients with diabetic neuropathy and healthy controls. Metabolic, glycemic, lipid, and insulin resistance parameters were assessed. Diagnostic accuracy assessed by serum levels of IL-39 measuring and ROC curve analysis was conducted. Results: High IL-39 levels of significance were recorded in diabetic neuropathy patients compared with healthy controls (P < 0.001). The result of ROC curve analysis shows high diagnostic accuracy, indicating strong discriminatory ability.

In the present era, nanomaterials have many uses due to their superior chemical and physical characteristics. The electrochemical deposition approach, which is quick, simple, and affordable, is one of the key techniques for creating nanocomposites (Al₂O₃/ZnO). Advanced methods like X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emitted scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), microscopy using transmission electrons (TEM), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), energetic dispersive x-ray (EDX), and atomic force microscopy, also called AFM, are used to analyse the nanocomposite. According to the investigation, the nanocomposite had an average crystal size of 8.4 nm, a band gap value of 3.23 eV, and a nanorod form

The nanomaterials play crucial roles in the sciences due to their unique physical and chemical properties, for instance, electrical, mechanical, structural, and conductivity properties. The graphene oxide (GO) and graphene have good characteristic between different types of nanomaterials and a plethora application due to their properties. The best method used for preparing nanomaterials is electrochemical exfoliation, that prefer over other methods for the preparation of nanomaterial that because economical, faster than other methods, has less crystal size and not complicated methods eco-friendly method for creating superior graphene-based products. For the identification of graphene and graphene oxide (GO), different techniques were used: X-ray diffraction (XRD) for studying the phases and measuring the crystal size, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for study three-dimensional image of nanomaterials, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) for study morphological, all techniques are discussed. Biological activity is one of the key uses for graphene and graphene oxide, with special focus on its antibacterial behaviour, bio interactions, oxidative activity in biology, cytotoxicity, and biocompatibility. To provide useful insights for the logical design of graphene-based materials for upcoming biological and environmental applications, this review attempts to provide an integrated knowledge regarding the interaction between synthesis techniques, material properties, and biological activity.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is related to chronic low-level inflammation that leads to metabolic perturbations. Interleukin (IL)-39 is a novel cytokine, but its involvement in the pathogenesis of inflammation and diabetes has yet to be clarified. Objective: To measure serum IL-39 level and evaluate the diagnostic value of IL-39 in patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods: It was a case–control study with diabetic patients and controls. Anthropometric, glycemic, lipid, and insulin resistance measurements were determined. Serum IL-39 was quantified, and the diagnostic accuracy was determined on the basis of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: The levels of serum IL-39 were higher in the diabetic patients than those in healthy controls (P < 0.001). The detection performance of IL-39 in the diagnosis of diabetic patients was well evaluated by ROC curve analysis with a large area under the curve. Circulating IL-39 was positively correlated with markers of glycemic disturbance and insulin resistance

In this study, epoxidized palm oil (EPO) was employed as a modifier for polybutylene succinate (EPO) using chloroform as a solvent by solution casting process. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR ) spectroscopy was used to identify the functional groups of PBS and PBS/EPO blends. Thermal stability and morphological properties of the blends were investigated by thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) and scanning electron microscope (SEM ) technique, respectively. Biodegradation of this blend was also studied. The FTIR spectra indicated that there are some molecular interactions by intermolecular hydrogen bond between PBS and EPO. The PBS/EPO blend showed high thermal stability and significant improvement of biodegradation compare to pure PBS. Morphological results of PBS/EPO blends showed that EPO was good miscible with PBS. Keywords: biodegradable polymers; epoxidized palm oil; polybutylene succinate