مختصر البحثFinding microorganism-rich soils has become popular in recent years. Through natural mechanisms, these bacteria can protect plants from diseases and give critical nutrients. Ecologically and economically sustainable food production is essential to meet global demand. This article highlights soil microorganisms' function in the global carbon cycle and their principal identification methods. Identifying and assessing soil ecosystems based on land use is crucial. This study examined soil microbiology in Al-Haydariyya sub-district. Although new study reveals that soil populations of Escherichia coli can also be found in tropical, subtropical, and temperate locations, their presence in water is usually used to indicate feces contamination. The results of the study showed that by examining a total of 16 soil samples taken from a depth ranging from 0–30 cm, the research encompassed three distinct soil types: riverbank soil, river basin soil, and plateau soil. The number of E. coli bacteria in the overlapping soil was recorded at 21 × 105 cells ml–1. Regarding the minimum occurrence, it pertained to Staphylococcus bacteria found in the shoulder soil during January. The bacterial count for sample 1 was noted at 1 × 105 cell ml–1, while samples 2 and 3 did not exhibit noteworthy bacterial activity. This knowledge is necessary to guide the logical modification of the plant-soil system in order to favor the organisms or physiologies that are most crucial for encouraging the storage of carbon in agricultural soil.
