A quick overview of chitosan, its sources and applications-A review
الباحثونSuhad H Albushabaa، Harth Rajab Haider
المجلةInternational Journal of Entomology Research
مختصر البحثChemical pesticides are highly hazardous to humans and animalsand not very biodegradable, they
frequentlypollute water and soil. A sustainable healthy environment needs ‘‘green’’ pesticides. This review
describes the chitosan, structurally, chitosan is a straight-chain copolymer composed of D-glucosamine and Nacetyl-D-glucosamine being obtained by the partial deacetylation of chitin, as well as different sources and the
conditions of chitosan preparation are also discussed.The chitosan can be isolated from crustacean such as crabs
and shrimps as well as insects and fungi.Finally, several selected chemical and biomedical applications are
presented, in which chitin and chitosan being recognized as novel biomaterials due to advantage of their
biocompatibility and biodegradability.
Biological Activity of Ipomoea Carnea Leaves
Extracts against Larval Instars of Filarial Vector
Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae)
Mosquito
الباحثونMaallh T. Al-Husseini1
،
, Feryal Ameen Merza2
, H. R. Al-Mousawi3
, Fadhil K.
Kareem4 and Suhad H. Albushabaa5
المجلةIOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science
مختصر البحثAbstract. The present study was investigated the biological activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Ipomoea carnea, as well as cool and boiled aqueous extracts for investigating toxic affect against
,2nd , and 4th instar larvae of the laboratory reared mosquito species Culex quinquefasciatusafter 24 ,48 and 72 h of exposure. The tested larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus were exposed to
four concentrations (5, 2, 1 and 0.5 mg/ml) of crude ethanol leaf extract for different time durations .Results were demonstrated that ethanolic leaf extract at concentrations 5 and 2 mg/ml
of I. carnea affected the mortality of second and fourth instar larvae it reached 100% after 24 h from treatments. Aqueous extracts of I. carnea leaves also lead to increased mortality rates of
second and fourth larvae after 72h, at 50 mg/ml for cool and boiled aqueous extracts the mortality rates were increased into 90 and 95 % respectively. The present study showed that I. carnea
leaves extracts have larvicidal activity against filarial vector mosquito Cx. quinquefasciatus.
Study the Role of Eosinophilic Cationic Protein, Copper
and Iron in Women Infected with Trichomonas vaginalis
Parasite
الباحثونHarth Rajab haider، , Kais Khudhair ALhadrawi
, Saleem Khteer Al-Hadraawy
, Hanan Khaled Aldhalmi
, Ahmed Abduljabbar Jaloob Aljanaby
المجلةJournal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results
مختصر البحثSince Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis) only manifests as a trophozoite stage during sex, it is typically transmitted during sex as a
trophozoite. The purpose of this study was to determine the concentrations of copper, iron, and Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) in vaginitis
patients. Between July and November 2021, 355 suspected patients who visited the AL-Zahra maternity and pediatrics laboratory in the ALNajaf region (Iraq) and 30 healthy respondents of the same age participated in the study. According to the manufacturer's instructions, the
ELISA technique was used to measure the levels of three biomarkers in serum (copper, iron, and ECP). On the other hand, the colorimetric
approach was used to measure the copper concentration. The investigation showed that in the blood sample of T. vaginalis-infected patients,
the amounts of copper and iron considerably decreased (P > 0.05). In contrast, the serum levels of ECP considerably increased (P > 0.05)
when compared to the control group. As a result of the T. vaginalis infection, copper levels in the blood are dramatically impacted, according
to the current study's findings. The current study results suggested that the T. vaginalis infection alters serum iron and ECP concentrations,
significantly affecting copper levels in the blood.
Parasites taxa in some sites of Euphrates River in Al-Najaf Province, Iraq
الباحثونFeryal Ameen Merza1
،
, Harth Rajab Haider1
, Hind Mhammed Mhammed Ali2
, Ali Hassan
Abood1*
المجلةCaspian Journal of Environmental Sciences
مختصر البحثThis parasite investigation has been carried out at three different places along the Euphrates River. Water and
parasite samples were collected at half-monthly intervals between November 2021 and January 2022, with
samples taken every two weeks. Some chemical and physical factors of water were examined. The results showed
that total dissolved solids (TDS) ranged from 460 to 1212 mg L-1
, total suspended solids (TSS) 5 to 450 mg L-1
,
salinity (S‰) 0.37 ppt to 1.5 ppt, electrical conductivity (EC) 1120 μs cm-1 to 3050 μs cm-1
, and pH 6.5 to 9. In
the case of parasites, 12 taxa were identified. According to the Shannon–Wiener index, parasite species diversity
ranged from 0.2 to 0.76 bits/individual, depending on the parasite type. According to Jaccard similarity index, the
highest degree of similarity was found between site one and site two, with 0.75% of the total
Toxic effect of Crude Alkaloid extract of Citrullus
collocynthis against Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae)
الباحثونMaallh T. Al-Husseini ، H.M. Al-Rubae and H. R. Al-Mousawi
المجلةEco. Env. & Cons
مختصر البحثThe present study was carried out to investigate the toxic effect of crude alkaloid extract of Citrullus collocynthis
on the mortality rates of immature larval instars of Culex pipiens mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae). Results of
the present study showed that crude alkaloid extract was more toxic to the first and second instars larvae
and mortality rates were reached at concentration 20 mg/ml to (87.2 and 79.6 %) respectively compared to
(4.6 and 3.8 %) respectively at control treatments. Whereas the 3rd and 4th instars larvae were less toxic and
mortality rates were reached at concentration 20 mg/ml to (66.4 and 50.2 %) respectively compared to (1.4
and 1.2 %) respectively at control treatments. Egg mortality rates were also increased at higher concentrations
20 mg/ml to reach 50.2 % compared to 9.6 % at control treatments. Pupae stages were more resistant at
higher concentrations 20 mg/ml reached to 41.7 % compared to 6.4 % at control treatments. The present
study also revealed that crude alkaloid extract of C. collocynthis negatively impact on hatchability, immature
stages development period and female productivity. Moreover the present study showed that cumulative
mortalities rates were increased as the concentrations raised resulting in that crude alkaloid extract of C.
collocynthis was more toxic against of immature stages of Culex pipiens mosquito.
Biological activity of Pomegranate peels Punica granatum Silver nanoparticles AgNPs extract against Fourth larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae)
الباحثونal-Husseini, Maallh T.، Al-Mousawi, Harith R and Kadhim, Naser Jawad and Madhloom, Ahmed Abd Al-Redaa and Aziz, Dhifaf Zeki and Muha, Azhar Jewad Kadhim
المجلةJournal of Physics: Conference Series}, volume= {1660}, number= {1}, pages= {012013}, year= {2020},
مختصر البحثPresent study was included the assessment of biological activity of Pomegranate Peels Punica granaatum plant extract toward fourth Culex quinquefasciatus larvae mosquito (Order: Diptera, Family: Culicidae) by testing ethanolic and Silver nanoparticles extracts. Results of present study revealed that Silver nanoparticles extract was more toxic than ethanolic extract and the mortality rates were reached to 90 % after 72 h exposure time when it treated with 5 μg/ml compared to 0% at control treatments. Ethanolic extract also was toxic at concentration 5 μg/ml and mortality rates were reached to 80% after 72 h exposure time. Study of larvae after death showed that penetration of Silver nanoparticles extract was entered inside mid gut of larvae after damage of body wall. SEM analysis indicated to that more deformation found in body wall thus AgNPs were easily penetration through skin of fourth larvae. SEM analysis also was showed that Silver nanoparticles were clustered and irregular or oval shapes.
