hani hasan jubair al-hasnwi

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is the major cause of healthcare-associated bacteremia in most of Hospital and it increased risk of infection, morbidity and mortality especially, when associated vancomycin resistance in same infection. In this study 42 S. aureus were isolated from burn and wound infection patients in Al-Qadisiyah teaching hospital and S. aureus was isolated by selective medium out form 50 swab samples. The PCR assay was used for direct detection of methicillin (mecA) and vancomycin (van) antibiotics resistance gene in 42 S. aureus isolates.

Streptococcus mutans are believed to be the principal etiological agent of human dental caries. It has developed multiple mechanisms to colonize the tooth surface and has become a significant species in cariogenic biofilm. Microbial biofilm are more resistant to antimicrobial agents and therefore more difficult to control. In this article the correlation between biofilm forming and antibiotic susceptibility of S. mutans isolates was studied. We studies S. mutants isolated from dental caries identification by VITEK-2 compact system and antibiotics susceptibility by disk diffusion method. Detection of biofilms formation was followed by (quantifying bacterial adhesion test). The results showed S. mutants the high percentage (71.4%) in comparison with the other streptococcus species from total dental caries samples. Out of 54 (90%) S. mutants have ability to forming biofilm. No significant difference among positive and negative S. mutants isolated were found regarding to antibiotics susceptibility. The high over all proportion of S. mutans produce biofilm. S. mutans biofilm have been showed to be significantly more resistance to antibiotics.

Sixty coagulase-negative staphylococci (CONS) isolates collected from patients and carries   (forty of clinical origin and twenty of carries origin) during the period from October 2012 to March 2013. Isolates diagnosed depending on the morphological criteria cultural and biochemical test and Vitek-2 system test. The most common isolates species among was S.epidermidis which was accounted for 18 isolates (30%), S.saprophyticus was the second with 13 isolates (21.7%), followed by S.hemolyticus was 11 isolates (18.3%), S.homins was 7 isolates (11.7%), S.lentus was 6 isolates (10%), S.capitis was 4 isolates (6.7%) and one isolated (1.6%) of S.auricularis. multiple PCR was used to detection the mecA&icaA genes . the result indicated 30 isolates (75%) from all 40 clinical isolates produce mecA gene while 7 isolates (35%) produce this gene in carries isolates. the icaA gene produce in 12 (30%) clinical isolates while two  isolates (10%) have ability this gene in carries isolates. Ten clinical isolates (25%) produce mecA&icaA genes while only one carries isolate (5%) produce two genes.  

The prevalence of the plasmid-borne colistin resistance gene mcr-1 in bacteria poses a potential threat to patient treatment, particularly when hospitalized spreading of this gene causes great concern as it can transmit between different bacteria species. The aims of this study were to investigate the presence of the mcr-1 gene among carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) isolates from different clinical specimens and determine the clonal origin of strains carrying the mcr-1 gene using Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) method.

The global spread of typhoid fever is still a major public health concern. Typhoid fever is a potentially fatal infection often treated with quinolones, especially fluoroquinolones. Resistance to quinolones antibiotics in Salmonella typhi has made it harder to treat and has led to more mortalities. In this study, we detected of the qnr genes (plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance PMQR) in S.typhi isolated from patients in two main hospitals in AL-Najaf province, Iraq and determined the clonal relatedness between S.typhi isolates carried qnr genes.