Habeeb Shuhaib Ahmed Almohammed

Abstract Nowadays, silver nanoparticles have become crucial for biomedical purposes because of their overall anti-microbial potential effects. In this work, antibiotics, with and without silver nanoparticles, have been used in the nasal mucosa of rats. Nine rates were divided into three groups. The first group received oral amoxicillin/clavulanic acid at 80 mg/kg. The second group received oral amoxicillin/clavulanic acid at a dose of 80 mg/kg combined with silver nanoparticles at 50 mg/kg. The last group, as a control group, received distilled water and a standard diet for one month. At the end of the experiment, the rats were sacrificed, and tissues were removed from the nasal cavity. The results demonstrated that the silver nanoparticles conjugated with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid increased their distribution in the mucosa of the nasal cavity. The experimental results were evaluated using histological examination via scanning electron microscope. This investigational outcome is essential for many clinical studies of silver nanoparticles and their medical uses in otorhinolaryngology.

Deafness is a total or partial hearing loss that may appear at any age and with different degrees of severity. Approximately 50% of hearing loss have a genetic origin, and among them, non-syndromic sensorineural deafness represents about 70% of the cases. From them, 80% correspond to autosomal recessive inheritance deafness. Autosomal recessive deafness was not studied enough at the molecular level in Iraq. This study aimed to verify the frequency of three GJB2 mutations in non-syndromic sensorineural deafness in the Iraqi population. The current case-control study was conducted from January 2018 to January 2020. The study included 95 deafness patients (55 males and 40 females) and 110 healthy control group. Age and sex were matched between the two groups. In order to detect c.35delG, 235delC, and 167delT mutations in the GJB2 gene, we employed the PCR-RFLP technique. The c.35delG was the main frequent mutation encountered with the GJB2 gene among patients with autosomal recessive non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss. Among them, 35 (36.8%) were homozygous, 40 (42.1%) were heterozygous, and 20 (21.1%) were wild genotypes. The second-degree mutation in the GJB2 gene was c.235delC mutation, which from the 95 deaf patients, there were 20 (21.1%) with homozygous, 33 (34.7%) heterozygous, and 42 (44.2%) wild genotypes. None of the 95 deaf patients showed the c.167delT mutation, and no mutations appeared in the control group. Our data concluded that the GJB2 c.35delG and c.235delC gene mutations were the main cause of autosomal recessive non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss in the Iraqi deaf population.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of nasal polyposis among allergic patients, and to investigate the impact of polyposis on allergic inflammatory markers. Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2018 to January 2019 at the Asthma and Allergy Centre, Babylon, Iraq, and comprised patients aged 15-71 years with allergic asthma and or allergic rhinitis. The patients were divided into two groups; A with nasal polyposis, and B without nasal polyposis. Other than demographical data, total serum immuglobulin E, and blood eosinophil percentage were collected. Data was analysed using SPSS 22. Results:Of the 240 patients, 81(33.8%) were in group A, and 159(66.2%) were in group B. The overall mean age of the sample was 35.9±13.8 years. The overall mean immunoglobulin E level was 221±141 and the mean peripheral eosinophil percentage was 4±1.68. Prevalence of nasal polyposis increased with age (p<0.05), but was not affected by gender or residency (p>0.05). The markers increased significantly in the presence of polyposis in patients with respiratory allergy (p<0.05). Conclusion: Nasal polyposis was found to be highly prevalent in patients with respiratory allergy and the combined presence of these two diseases caused additional increment in allergic markers.

Abstract CSOM is considered as a complex infectious and inflammatory diseases that affect middle ear. The complications are due to CSOM including, intracranial like meningitis and brain abscess which are the most common causes of death in patient with CSOM. Pseudomonas aeruginosa are difficult to treat because the majority of isolates present high level of resistance to many types of antibiotics this is associated to its ability for biofilm production. Biofilm-associated infections cause considerable problems, thus the major objective of the present study is to evaluate the frequency of phenotypic biofilm production and the role of the selected Quorum Sensing Genes in pseudomonas aeruginosa that is the most common and serious bacterial type isolated from CSOM patients. Material and Methods: In a cross sectional study, a total of (31) isolated strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from (82) patients suffering from CSOM were collected between January to the end of April 2019 admitted at the main hospitals in Al-Najaf province. Results: Among 31 isolates of Ps. aeruginosa collected from CSOM patients Detection of In-vitro biofilm formation in these isolates were carried out by tissue-culture plate TCP method (the most sensitive method for detection biofilm production) the method detected (45%)as strong, (42%)as moderate, (13%) weak adherent and (0%) non biofilm production. Screening for some selected genes responsible for biofilm formation was done by PCR (LasI, LasR, rhlI, Rh IR) were present in most of the Ps. aeruginosa isolates, 27(87%) of isolates give positive results for LasI; 25(80.64%) of isolates give positive results for LasR gene; 25(80.6%) of isolates show positive result for rhlI and 28(90.3%) %) of isolates show positive result for RhlR gene. Conclusion: The results revealed that the presence of Quorum sensing genes (lasI, lasR, rhII, RhlR) which are responsible in biofilm formation were present in most of the Ps. aeruginosa isolates.

my participation in clinical examination (OSCE ) for the third year medical students at Medical College ,University of kufa over three days 6th -8th of July 2023