feryal ameen merza al-ameen

Microscopic protozoa are water-based organisms. They pose significant concerns for human health, as serious diseases have been linked globally. This study aimed to identify and document the microscopic protozoa taxa of the Abbaseya watercourse and record some abiotic factors of their habitats and the watercourse's pollution level. Three sites along the Abbaseya watercourse were selected for collecting microscopic protozoa using a net with 55 μm mesh openings. The abiotic factors assessed included total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), water flow, turbidity, pH, chloride ion concentration, and magnesium ion concentration. In total, 23 protozoan species of the classes Ciliata and Sarcodina were recorded. The diversity indices used were Jaccard’s similarity index and the Shannon-Weiner index. The highest Jaccard’s similarity index value, 0.79, was observed between April and May. The protozoan taxa identified in the Abbaseya watercourse are classified primarily into two classes: Ciliata and Sarcodina, with Ciliata having significantly higher taxa. A thorough assessment of protozoan species is vital for evaluating water quality, as it offers valuable insights into the ecological health of aquatic environments.

This study is found out the bioactive compounds in Arthrospira platensis alga that is obtained from the Environmental Research Center\ University of Technology. The extraction process is done with ethanol 99% and methanol 99% as solvents. Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans are obtained from Al-Ameen Center for research and advanced biotechnology in the Holy City of Najaf from urine. which is gram-negative To evaluate the antibacterial activity are used four concentrations (0.5, 1.5, 3, 15) mg\ml for each extract with three replicates by agar well diffusion method.

Diarrheal diseases are a major problem in developing countries. Although accurate data on child deaths associated with diarrheal diseases are not available in Iraq, it has been estimated that about 25% of child deaths are associated with diarrheal diseases, especially acute diarrhea.the purpose of this study is to investigate the most common pathogens that cause diarrhea, which are the parasitic and bacterial protozoa that cause acute diarrhea. the results of the current study indicated that the most common causes of diarrhea in children under 10 years of age are parasitic infections compared to bacterial infections, where the highest percentage was occupied by the E. histolytica parasite with a percentage of 54% compared to the G. lamblia parasite with a percentage of 46% and the most affected age group was 5-10. The majority of parasitic infections were concentrated in children living in rural areas compared to urban areas. On the other hand, K. pneumoniae occupied a high rate of 34%, followed by E. coli 30% in the infection rate, and the most infected age group was 5-10 years.

This parasite investigation has been carried out at three different places along the Euphrates River. Water and parasite samples were collected at half-monthly intervals between November 2021 and January 2022, with samples taken every two weeks. Some chemical and physical factors of water were examined. The results showed that total dissolved solids (TDS) ranged from 460 to 1212 mg L-1, total suspended solids (TSS) 5 to 450 mg L-1, salinity (S‰) 0.37 ppt to 1.5 ppt, electrical conductivity (EC) 1120 μs cm-1 to 3050 μs cm-1, and pH 6.5 to 9. In the case of parasites, 12 taxa were identified. According to the Shannon–Wiener index, parasite species diversity ranged from 0.2 to 0.76 bits/individual, depending on the parasite type. According to Jaccard similarity index, the highest degree of similarity was found between site one and site two, with 0.75% of the total.

This investigation of molluscs was carried out at some sites on the river of the Euphrates. Samples of molluscs were collected monthly from June 2019 to November 2019. Fourteen species were investigated which belonged to two Classes: Bivalvia (three species) and Gastropoda (eleven species). The species Corbicula fluminalis, Pisidium dubium, Melanoides tuberculata, Physa acuta, Gyraulus convexiusculus, and Gyraulus intermixtus seemed in all sites. According to the index of Shanon-Weiner, species diversity ranged from 0.5 to 2.5 bits/individual. Index of Jaccard's similarity showed that the highest similarity was recorded between site one and site two with 60 %.

Antioxidants are substances that are available in various natural food products, which play a vital role in reducing body cell damage caused by free radical formation. An imbalance between antioxidants and free radicals contributes to an oxidative stress in the human body. The electron acceptability of O2 produced Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). The imbalance equilibrium between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the purification supports a rise in the ROS levels, which is the key cause of disrupted cellular activity. A recent review of excessively mild antioxidants, processes of movement, and their role in many human illnesses. (8) (PDF) Mechanisms of Antioxidant Actions and their Role in many Human Diseases: A Review. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353754740_Mechanisms_of_Antioxidant_Actions_and_their_Role_in_many_Human_Diseases_A_Review [accessed Oct 18 2021].