د.فاديه مهدي مسلم العميدي

H uman samples of adenovirus were isolated from the period of March , 1 st , 2015 to 28 th of May 2015 from eye secretions of patients were diagnosed through rapid device test and real time pcr . Positive cases of human adenovirus were sixty nine represent (83.13%). Isolation process of adenovirus was successfully performed on chicken embryo fibroblast cell culture for 4 th passage for suspected samples obtained from (eye swab ) as well as isolate from chick embryo [specific pathogen free (SPF)],who were diagnosed . The study groups were divided into three groups with different age and gender . The group of 16 - 30 years old , the highest percent of infection (55.04%) in comparison with other aged group followed by the group of 31 - 45 years old (31.88%) ; then, aged 5 - 1 5 years old (13.04%). The males groups represented the highest number of infection with adenovirus in compariso n with females groups represented by 44 males (63.76%).

Of a total 420 suspected Human Metapneumovirus infected cases only 388 positive cases were detected with RT-PCR . Study showed that number of male two hundred and fifty samples , while females were one hundred and thirty eight samples. Population groups studied samples subject groups were distribution into (3) groups including ( 10-20, 21-31 and 32-42) year ,this distribution was made depending on their age and clinical status of both gender. The 21-31 year of infected patient high infection of virus at a rate 47.59% whilst 10-20 year percentage ( 36.59%) and 32-42 year percentage (15.46%). The samples were isolated from the al-Sadr hospital in Najaf. Chemokines are considered pro-inflammatory through infection was reduced as compared to concentration anti-inflammatory .The study appear high titer of Homeostatic after 7-21 day including (CCL27 , CCL19 and CXCL13) comper Inflammatory including (CCL3 , CCL11 and CXCL8) .Yet CCL27 after 14 day (0.82±0.22) high titer camper with CCL19(0.80±0.24) and CXCL13(0.78±0.22) of virus infected group in the level of probability (P <0.05) while, CCL11 , CCL3 and CXCL8 were dcreased to reach (0.76±0.25, 0.74±0.24 and 0.72±0.26) pg/ml respectively in the plasm of patients compared with the control group. Histopathological sections of infected lung was appear changes of cells and bleeding comper of laboratory animal control

The present study included the section histopathology for rats (male) organs including (lung, trachea, kidney, spleen, heart) of a local inactivated subunit and whole vaccine appeared of all of both locally vaccine after seven months of vaccination and control histopathology unchanged compared with infected group after first month.

This study was conducted for the first time in AL - Najaf / Iraq, and the study included the preparation of a local inactivated va ccine (whole and subunit). The number of cases infected with seasonal influenza virus was 647 case out of one thousand suspected ca se. How were distributed into 11 groups. Seasonal influenza virus was detected by three diagnostic methods (plasma pH, rapid test dev ice and real time PCR). The present study reflected that the most diagnosed cases infected with seasonal influenza virus during the period extended f rom 03/26/2012 up to 04/30/2013 represented by were type A (H3N2) of (283). Whereas H1N1 (148) case, H3N2+H1N1, (56) case, H1N1 + H3N2 + B w ere (30) case. While only 130 case infected with type B.

Human Papilloma virus was isolated from different age groups from 40 upto 71 years for both gender. The samples were diagnosed by RT-PCR. Positive cases of human Papilloma virus were forty represent (63.49%) and twenty two represent (36.50%) negative cases. Isolation process of Human Papillomavirus was successfully performed on chicken embryo fibroblast cell culture for 4th passage for suspected samples obtained from (colon organ) as well as isolate from chick embryo specific pathogen free (SPF). It was found that at the tissue culture infective dosage (TCID50/0.1 ml) was (107.8) of virus. The gamma irradiation that dosage used for inactivating of the purified virus which was extracted from allantoic fluid and tissue culture was (6.594) mSv/h. This revision intended to gauge the prevalence of HPV cannon and viral incorporation in colorectal tissues in imperative to estimate its presumed role in colorectal cancer and inhibition viral by gamma radiation

Human samples of human Coxsakievirus, Adenovirus and COVID-19 virus were collected during October, 1st, 2021 to 8 of December 2021. Human Coxsakievirus, Adenovirus and COVID-19 virus was including (1 month, 1-15 years). The RT-PCR method was detected of all samples, the results showed sixty eight (68%) while thirty two (32%) negative cases, sixty four (64%) while thirty six (36%) negative cases and twenty five (25%) while seventy five (75%) negative cases. The Population groups studied samples subject groups were distribution into (6) groups including (1 month, 1-15, 16-31 and 32-47 and 48-63 and 64-79 and 80-95) year, changed age too gender. Our study also showed that the fourth groups (48-63) years is the largest percentage (41.18) of coxsakievirus, adenovirus (43.75) and COVID-19 virus (44) in compare of aged groups then [1 month, 1-15(4.41%) coxsakievirus, (4.68%) Adenovirus, (0) COVID-19; 16-31 (7.35%) Coxsakievirus, (9.37%) Adenovirus, (12%) COVID-19 virus; 32-47 (22.05%) Coxsakievirus, (17.18%) Adenovirus, (20%) COVID-19 virus; 64-79 (25%) Coxsakievirus, (25%) Adenovirus, (20%) COVID-19 virus; 80-95 (0) for Coxsakievirus and Adenovirus, (4%) COVID-19 virus years. The samples were isolated from the hospitals including (Al-Sadr, AL Hakeem, AL Sajjad), the first study in Iraq to diagnose of human Coxsakievirus, Adenovirus, COVID-19 virus with myocarditis.

Human T-cell Leukemia virus type 1 was a lymphotropic retrovirus associated to Adult T cell Leukemia (ATL). RTPCR was diagnosed through primers design of G protein coupled receptors and HTLV-1 depends on the site NCBI .Three groups were divided from for both gender. Thirty seven were positive cases of human T-cell Leukemia and fifteen negative cases. Proinflammatory cytokines in the Central Nervous System (CNS) were associated with neuropathogenesis induction tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and anti-inflammatory was decrease titer of IL-35. The study was conducted for the first time in Iraq and aims at diagnosing GPCR of viral infection with CNS during for 21 days and measuring the concentration of each TNF-alpha and IL-35 where the study showed significant differences of probability (p<0.05)

Human samples of Human Herpesvirus 6A were collected during October, 13teen, 2021 to 15 of December 2021. Human Herpesvirus 6A was including (15 - 59 years). The RT-qPCR. Method was detected of all samples; the results showed fifty five (55%) positive cases while forty five (45%) negative cases. The Population groups studied samples subject groups were distribution into (4) groups including (15-25, 26-36 and 37-47 and 48-58) year, changed age too gender. The second groups (26-36years) were high cases of human infected (43.6%) in compare of aged groups then [37-47 (32.7%); 15- 25(14.5%); 48-58 (9%) years]. The percentage of males (54.5%) is higher than females (45.5%).The samples were isolated from the hospital including (Al-Sadr/ infertility center).The first study in Iraq to diagnose of human Herpesvirus 6A with infertility

Human samples of Human Herpesvirus 6A were collected during October, 13teen, 2021 to 15 of December 2021. Human Herpesvirus 6A was including (15 - 59 years). The RT-qPCR. Method was detected of all samples; the results showed fifty five (55%) positive cases while forty five (45%) negative cases. The Population groups studied samples subject groups were distribution into (4) groups including (15-25, 26-36 and 37-47 and 48-58) year, changed age too gender. The second groups (26-36years) were high cases of human infected (43.6%) in compare of aged groups then [37-47 (32.7%); 15- 25(14.5%); 48-58 (9%) years]. The percentage of males (54.5%) is higher than females (45.5%).The samples were isolated from the hospital including (Al-Sadr/ infertility center).The first study in Iraq to diagnose of human Herpesvirus 6A with infertility

Human samples of Human Herpesvirus 6A were collected during 13 October 2021 to 15 of December 2021. Human Herpesvirus 6A was including (15-49years). The real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) method was detected of all samples, the results showed fifty five(55%) positive cases while (45%) negative cases. The Population groups studied samples subject groups were distribution into (4) groups including (15-25, 26-36 and 37-47 and 48-58) year, changed age too gender. The second groups (26-36 years) were high cases of human infected (43.6%) in compare of aged groups then [37- 47 (32.7%); 15-25 (14.5%); 48-58 (9%) years]. The percentage of males(54.5%) is higher than females (45.5%) . the number of positive cases in infertility patients with 5months,1-5 years of infertility was(27)cases more than that in an infertility patients with 6-10years of infertility was(18)cases and at least in an infertility patients with 11-15 years of infertility was(10)cases. Regarding the sequences test, the results showed the percentage of similarity with the studied strains at a rate ranging between (96.63-93.64%) as shown in the table (2), two samples were selected based on the concentration of the virus, cycles, different age groups , gender in addition to the sample source areas at the time of collection.The samples were isolated from the hospital including (Al-Sadr/Infertility center).The first study in Iraq to diagnose of Human Herpes virus 6A with infertility

Using PCR amplification, 8 of 10 AS patients (80%) and 8 of 10 healthy control samples (80%) had microbial 16S rRNA in their blood. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria (Control = 48.5%, AS = 52%), Firmicutes (Control = 27.8%, AS = 26.1%), Actinobacteria (Control = 15.4%, AS = 10.7%), and Bacteroidetes (Control = 6.5%, AS = 10%) dominated the blood microbiome. A two-tailed Mann-Whitney test found that Ankylosing Spondylitis was associated with significantly elevated Bacteroides (P < 0.05), Prevotella (P < 0.001), and Micrococcus (P < 0.01), and significantly reduced levels of Corynebacterium 1 (P < 0.001), Gemella (P < 0.01), and Alloprevotella (P < 0.05), compared to healthy controls. Additionally, it was shown that the presence of the Prevotella genus was highly positively correlated with higher levels of TNF-alpha (P < 0.05; r = 0.8) in AS patients' blood.

Human samples from type one Diabetes Miletus patients were collected during 15, September 2022 to 19 of July 2023. Type one Diabetes mellitus was including (1 – 20 years). The RT-qPCR, Method was detected Epstein Barr virus and Varicella Zoster virus of all sample; the results showed thirty Positive cases for Epstein Barr virus and seven Positive cases while for Varicella Zoster virus. The populations studied representative samples There were four study groups, with participants in (1-5 ,6-10, 11-15, 16-20) years, changed age to gender. The third group (11-15) were high cases of Human infected (46%) for EBV in compare of aged group (1-5) was (10%), (6-10) was (13%) and the age group (16-20) was (30%). while VZV Age group (1-5) was higher positive cases than other (57%), (6-10) was (28%), (11-15) was (14%) and in the later age group (16-20) no positive case. the samples were isolated from the hospitals including ( Al-sadr /diabetes and endocrine gland center , Al-Zahraa hospital ) . The first study in Iraq to diagnose Epstein Barr virus and Varicella Zoster virus in patients with type 1 Diabetes by molecular technique.

Studying the immune response to different COVID-19 vaccines is crucial for refining vaccine selection and dosage worldwide. The aim of the study is to measure the concentration IgG antibody of the human vaccinated, which include (Pfizer, AstraZeneca, and Sinopharm vaccinations) and to find out which vaccine is more efficient by RT-qPCR technology. It highlights risk factors like age and sex. The cross-sectional study took place between November 25, 2021, and January 25, 2022. Methods: Ethical approval was secured, and consent was obtained from participants. Serum samples from eighty-six vaccinated individuals were analyzed using RT-qPCR to measure IgG antibodies. Results: In our study of eighty-six cases, fifty tested positive for COVID-19, comprising thirty-eight females and twelve males. Monitoring occurred from the second to the seventh-month post-vaccination, with IgG titers measured via RT-qPCR. We observed higher vaccine efficacy in females compared to males. Age groups were categorized as follows: 19-29, 30-40, 41-51, and 52-62 years old. The 19-29 age group showed the highest proportion vaccinated with Pfizer, AstraZeneca, and Sinopharm vaccines. IgG concentration after 7 months was significantly higher than in earlier months. Further, IgG levels were lower in participants vaccinated with Sinopharm (p<0.0001) and AstraZeneca (p<0.01) compared to Pfizer. Conclusion: Participants who received the Pfizer vaccine demonstrated the highest antibody concentration relative to other vaccine recipients. There was observed higher vaccine efficacy among females. Notably, the 19-29 age group represented the largest proportion of individuals vaccinated with various vaccines. Consequently, this study holds significant potential for optimizing vaccine selection and dosage. Further investigations are warranted to delve deeper into these initial findings.

A significant dysregulation of these molecular players in patients with CD compared with healthy controls has been evidenced by results from this study. For instance, miR-155 was up-regulated, whereas miR-15b was significantly down-regulated in CD, illustrating their roles in immune responses and inflammation-mediated processes. Besides, there was an over-expression of IL-2 and an under-expression of IL-37 in patients with CD, indicating these biomolecules’ role in immuno-dysregulation and inflammatory process underlying CD. In addition, a positive correlation between IL-2 and miRNA 155 expression levels was observed in patients with CD, suggesting that they could be involved together with other cytokines, showing the interplay between immune response pathways and inflammatory cascades during CD pathogenesis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic condition characterised by immune system involvement and is the primary contributor to disability in the young adult population. Post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression is largely dependent on microRNAs (miRNAs). In the context of multiple sclerosis, miR-155 is one of these variables that plays a critical role in the regulation of inflammatory processes and the modulation of the autoimmune response. In inflammatory conditions, MiR-155 plays a role in the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by down-regulating key junctional proteins. Demyelination is facilitated by a number of processes, including the activation of microglia, the polarization of astrocytes, the down-regulation of CD47 protein, and the manipulation of key transcription factors. Since miR-155 indirectly affects the development of regulatory T (Treg) cells, which are essential in reducing pain hypersensitivity, it plays an important role in the etiology of neuropathic pain. In addition, this analysis looked at how MS-related symptoms develop in response to disease-related stresses, brain atrophy, and pro-inflammatory factors. Recent studies have shed light on miR-155's role in controlling stress, anxiety, hippocampal inflammation, and treatment-resistant depression. Reducing miR-155 expression has been shown to be an effective strategy for halting the pathophysiological processes that lead to multiple sclerosis (MS). The purpose of this review was to better understand the wide-ranging effects of miR-155 dysregulation on the pathophysiology of MS and to highlight possible future research avenues.

This study examines the occurrence of EBV infection in glioma tumors that arise in individuals with a history of peripheral multiple sclerosis. the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of glioma, contributing to the formation of tumors. Patients and methods we did a retrospective analysis of archival material of 30 individuals who got gliomas as a result of Multiple sclerosis. EBV DNA sequence was examined using real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The presence of Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen leader protein (EBNA-LP) was identified using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).recorded were the clinic-pathological characteristics.A statistical analysis was conducted to compare patients who tested positive for EBV with those who tested negative for EBV. Results in total, six gliomas tested positive for the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which accounted for 20% of the cases. EBV DNA was detected in 6 instances. EBNA-LP was identified in every patient who tested positive for EBV DNA. All patients who tested positive for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) were diagnosed with glioblastomas multiforme (GBM). EBV-negative patients exhibited superior median overall survival and recurrence-free survival compared to EBV-positive patients. Conclusion taken together, these results lend credence to the idea that EBV infection is present in Iraqi GBM. EBV infection also appears to be linked to a poorer prognosis for patients, at least when comparing EBV-positive and negative malignancies. The results are promising, but more advanced molecular research is needed to corroborate them and offer light on the possible function of EBV in these fatal cancers.

Aim of study : multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder affecting the central nervous system (CNS). This study aims to examine the CCL5 values in patients with Multiple Sclerosis. Patients and methods: A retrospective study was undertaken on 70 individuals diagnosed with multiple sclerosis utilising archived material. The RNA sequence of CCL5 was analysed using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) technique. The CCL5 level was determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methodology. Results In total, a collection of 70 samples was obtained. The concentration of CCL5 was identified in all seventy patients and subsequently compared with a set of 30 control samples. There is an observed increase in the levels of CCL5 in patients diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis (M.S) compared to individuals in good condition. Conclusion These findings provide support for the elevated levels of CCL5 observed in patients with Multiple Sclerosis. Moreover, compared to control cases, it appears that CCL5 correlates with a more unfavourable outcome in patients.

Human samples from renal failure patients were collected from July 25, 2023, to September 19, 2023. The age range of the patients was 1 to 80 years. The RT-qPCR method was used to detect Cytomegalovirus in all samples; the results showed seventy-nine positive cases for Cytomegalovirus. The population groups studied were divided into five age groups: 1-16, 17-33, 34-50, 51-67, and 68-84 years. The fourth group (51-67) had the highest number of infected cases at 29.11%, compared to the age group 1-16 at 12.65%, 17-33 at 15.18%, 34-50 at 27.84%, and the age group 68-84 at 15.18%. The samples were collected from hospitals, including Al-Nasiriyah Teaching Hospital, Dialysis Center, and Al-Hussein Hospital.

Human samples from renal failure patients were collected from 25 July 2023 to 19 October 2023. Renal Failure was included (1 – 80 years). The RT-qPCR, Method was detected The RT-qPCR, Method was used to detect INF and IL17 of all samples. The population groups studied samples subject groups were distributed into 5 groups including (1-16,17-33,34-50,51-67,68-84) years, changed age to gender. The samples were isolated from the hospitals, including (Al-Nasiriyah Teaching Hospital and Dialysis Center, and Al-Hussein Hospital) The first study in Iraq to immunity study cytokine in patients with renal failure by molecular technique RTqPCR.

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