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Abstract:
The anatomical and histological study described the major organs (larynx, trachea and syrinx) of the respiratory system in the endogenous geese (Anser anser domesticus) and domestic fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus), for making use in the s…
Abstract:
The anatomical and histological study described the major organs (larynx, trachea and syrinx) of the respiratory system in the endogenous geese (Anser anser domesticus) and domestic fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus), for making use in the study of the respiratory physiology, histopathology, the respiratory diseases diagnoses. Forty adult healthy birds were employed in the anatomical study, and twenty adult birds in the histological study,(Half male and the other female, in each part of the study).
Birds were euthanized by the intramuscular injection of a combination of diazepam (Diazem-Deva) (2-4 mg/kg), ketamine HCl (20-60 mg/kg), the organs detected then the shape, position, dimensions of each specimens, and its components were recorded. Then the organs were dissected out and washed by normal saline solution, then were fixed immediately in 10% formalin, and then prepared for routine histological processing.
1- The morphometric study :
A- The Larynx :
The laryngeal mound in the domestic geese in this study appeared as obvious, preform-shaped elongated elevation rostrocaudally directed, apex directed rostrally and in the domestic fowl as a heart- shape. The larynx consisted of cricoid, arytenoid, procricoid cartilage.
The results show the significant differences at (P < 0.05) in the length and thickness of cricoid and arytenoid cartilages and width of procricoid cartilage in ganders ( male ) and geese ( female) of domestic geese , while the signification between the cocks ( male )
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and hens ( female ) , was in the procricoid cartilages on the length and width , also in the width of arytenoid cartilages .
B- The Trachea :
Trachea appeared as a longitudinal tube made up of complete overlapping cartilaginous rings. The rings, the mean total length and mean total number of tracheal rings were (a27.2 ±1.2),( a136 ± 4.5),( b23.4 ±1.0),( b126 ±3.1),( c15.1 ± 0.8),( c120± 4.),( d11.7 ± 0.8),( d109± 5.2) in male and female of domestic geese and domestic fowl respectively . It is characterize by broad and narrow edges of cartilage. The tracheal rings have different diameters dorso-ventral (D.V.) and medio-lateral (M.L.) according to their location in cervical or thoracic parts of trachea.
The study recorded the significant differences at (P < 0.05) in means of length, total number of tracheal rings and different diameters between two species and sex of two groups.
The study elucidated the special osseous structure on tracheal geese called bulla tyminca extend from 93th-125th rings of trachea in the male and from 85th -114th rings of trachea in female. Moreover, it formed 2/3 from the cervical part and 1/3 from the thoracic part.
C-The Syrinx:
Syrinx was tracheobronchial in type composed of tracheo, intermediate, bronchoisyringeal and pessulus cartilages, medial and lateral vibrating membranes in both species and both sexes.
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The study recorded the significant differences at (P < 0.05) in the mean total length between male and female domestic geese only .Also, it showed signification of the mean total length, mean total number of rings and diameters of the tracheosyringeal and bronchosyringeal cartilages in domestic geese .
2-The histological study:
The conducted air passages of respiratory passages lined by ciliated, pseudostratified columnar epithelium with mucus intraepithelial glands and goblet cells.
Laryngeal mound is covered by non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, and has large and small salivary glands
A- The larynx :
The study showed the histological structure of larynx as respiratory epithelial and mucus intraepithelial glands with goblet cells .The thickness of mucosa, sub mucosa and cartilages were signification at (P < 0.05) between ganders and geese only. In, addition the laryngeal cartilages were fully ossified in both species and both sexesv.
B-The Trachea:
The study refered to significant differences at (P < 0.05) in the thickness of epithelia, sub epithelia, cartilage and mean number of goblet cells between the ganders and geese only.
The sub epithelia in domestic geese was a dense irregular connective tissue supported by fully ossified hyaline cartilage in cervical part in ganders only , while the sub mucosa in the domestic fowl was loose connective tissue .
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The histological structure of bull tympinca may recorded significant differences at (P < 0.05) , in all parameters between male and female of domestic geese.
C-The Syrinx:
At the tracheosyringeal cartilages, the study referred to statically differences (P < 0.05), in thickness of epithelia, sub epithelia, cartilage, and mean number of goblet cells between male and female domestic geese. Moreover, the hyaline cartilage transform the fully ossified in ganders only, while it keep or change to partial ossified in geese and cocks .
At the bronchosyringeal cartilage, the study recorded significant differences between ganders and geese in the thickness of epithelia and cartilage only, and the hyaline cartilage keeps the natural structure in the two groups and two sexes.
