مختصر البحثHealth and its services are among the basic requirements of the human being, and they have an impact on his survival and growth in a healthy environment. Therefore, health services and the extent of availability and efficiency of the population in the region is a reason for the progress of society, its prosperity and development, as it provides treatment and preventive services to the population.
And to measure the efficiency of health services, there are planning standards developed to measure the efficiency of these services in meeting the needs of the population, whether in terms of functionality (quantity or quality) or in terms of spatial efficiency and geographical distribution. Which is the health standard among the important criteria in sustainable human development as it is the direct result of human growth and sustainable at the same time, and improving health increases the effectiveness of the workforce and the level of education, by addressing weakness and weakness, reducing child mortality, increasing births and scientific development, which helps to Expanding and developing the human resource base.
In addition to the fact that health care has become clear to every human being, and meets one of the basic human needs. The demand for health services in general is a request derived from the desire of the individual and society to live in a healthy and healthy environment, so that it is an ultimate goal in terms of Human development and a means at the same time, while we find health services or health activity in the Arab country focuses on the therapeutic only aspects, then we are a clear picture of the health services and their efficiency in Arab cities when accurate data are available can be used in research, analysis, comparison and interpretation. Health services of various types and institutions are among the most important resources or inputs that must be provided to achieve the satisfaction of the need for health in the human being, so primary and basic health measures and measures must be the most important aspects of preventive health due to their priority in improving health, while curative means to the individual and technical aspects which associated with the clinic, the doctor, and the hospital, as well as providing trained health, medical, and administrative personnel. (Al-Jawariya, Al-Mu'tasim Billah and Dima Muhammad Wossos,2014: 116).
Our research aims to study and analyze the map of the current health services in the Qadisiyah region, one of the regions of Najaf in the south of Iraq, through the use of the spatial approach or what is known as spatial analysis, and it is considered one of the geographical entries to study the geography of development and service, and from the study of the spatial distribution of service institutions Available health Equity can be identified in this distribution or inequalitiy in the distribution of available health services sources Availability among the population.
It is also possible to know the efficiency and accessibility of the population, which in turn is reflected in the Utilization of the health services centers available in the study area. Geographical studies covered the topic of health services and multiplied according to the various aspects of the topic, in terms of distribution and its relationship to population distribution and service rates.
Among these studies are: The study of McGlashan (1972) which entitled "Distribution of Population and Medical Services in Malawi" in which it examined the geographical distribution of the population and medical services centers, areas of hospital influence and the use of the number of beds and the number of hesitants as a criterion for determining the areas of influence and rank of hospitals, and the study of Rahman (1980) which was on the health services system or the medical system in the urban and rural areas of Pakistan, and studied the distribution of the population and the health system and the forms of treatment in the urban and rural areas and its problems. And the study of Drury (1983) in which he discussed some spatial dimensions of the development of health services, in light of the British experience, and through a historical review of the development of the English health system and its spatial dimensions and problems. Among the studies that dealt with health services in the Arab countries the study of AL-Kahtani (1991) that entitled "Spatial patterns of health services in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: planning and development", in which they dealt with the development of health services in the regions of the Kingdom and its relationship to population distribution.
And the study of Abou-Shaaban et al (1991) which entitled "Quantitative indicators for medical and personal services" and studied the distribution of health services in the regions of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and its relationship to population distribution using some statistical methods. Among the recent studies that dealt with health services in different countries of the world are a set of articles included in a book edited by Verhasselt & Phillips (1994), and the title of the book "Health and Development" is presented in three parts and each part contains several articles revolving around the title of the part, and these The articles revolve under three main headings dealing with the first part: health and development - perspective and issues, and the second part: under the title development and health safety and groups, and the third part under the title regional dimensions of health and development, and this section includes several articles on health services in third world countries, including An article titled Spatial Inequality and Altat The historical review of health services in India and Zambia and another entitled health care in Latin America, and an article entitled health care in the countries of the third world: Africa and other articles on the topic of health and health services. (Al-Labban, Khalaf Allah Hassan Mohammad,1999: 212-216).
and our study Shabaa (2020) which dealt with health services and their development In the province of Najaf, according to the ten administrative units, after studying their service reality, according to the number of residents, their geographical distribution, the extent of the deficit, according to the approved planning standards, analysis and future need. (Shabaa, Mohammed Jawad, Ahmed Yhya Abd Abas:2020)
It is clear from previous studies, that the topics that I addressed focused on the spatial patterns of health services, the extent of their efficiency and the spatial variation in the distribution of health resources in some countries of the world, a study and evaluation of health systems in the countries covered by these studies, as well as trying to implement site models and re-signature Location - Allocation Model The use of the Central place theory in theorizing process for the spatial distribution of health services, and the criteria used in studying health services and their relationship to population distribution, is the preparation (health institutions, number of beds, number of doctors, number of nursing staff), and calculation Service rates and the efficiency of these or some of these elements in these studies), as well as focused on the government health services that you covered.
The research problem revolves around the weakness of the efficiency of health services in terms of quantity and quality, and their unfair distribution in the environment (urban and rural) in the Qadisiyah region.
Health services in Qadisiyah are characterized by the distribution of their institutions as unbalanced at the level of (urban and rural) and their inefficiency in accordance with the planning criteria. This can be bypassed through its development and spatial redistribution, and according to the increasing population.
The research aims to study the extent of the efficiency of health services in terms of quantity and quality and the possibility of developing them in a fair manner at the level of the environment (urban and rural) and the development of its cadres in the Qadisiyah area.
In Al-Qadisiyah will contribute to providing important quantitative information in solving problems related to these services, and that revealing the poor geographical distribution of health institutions in the study area and their weak functional and spatial competence will help the relevant official authorities to put appropriate solutions to these problems in the future. In addition to the benefit of other regions and cities, especially in the Arab and developing countries, from the conclusions of this research and comparing them in the reality of health and medical services, solving environmental problems and increasing population and increasing demand for these services in light of the spread of epidemics and diseases, weak service cadres and lack of medical human resources and spatially distributed such as Some regions and cities of the Middle East.
