محمد جواد جلاب الدجيلي الخزرجي

The ever-expanding growth of the electronics and communications industries present new challenges for researchers. One of these challenges is the generation of the required bandwidth signal over a specific time frame that is used in a variety of contexts, particularly radar systems. To improve the range resolution in the radar along with better SNR, it is necessary to reduce the signal bandwidth and increase the peak power. There are some restrictions for narrowband signals like power limitation, pulse shaping, and the production of unwanted harmonics. So as a solution pulse compression techniques are suggested. Pulse compression is a process that modulating the transmitted pulse to achieve a wideband signal and then at the receiver, the received signal correlates with the transmitted pulse to achieve narrowband representations of data. Chirp is the most common signal used in pulse compression. The chirp signal is produced using linear frequency modulation. In this study, we attempted to add an amplitude modulation to the chirp signal and evaluate its performance by implementation on FPGA. The outcome signal is called chirplet and simulation will show that it enhance target detection and image quality in imaging radars like SAR.

One of the most used traditional method to measure heart conductivity of fetal is the fetal Electrocardiography (FECG). Many indicators related to the health of fetal can be determined depending on FECG since fetal heart rate (FHR) is obtained from the components of FECG signal. Recording fetal ECG in a clinic forms a problem due to the interferences of other signals which corrupt the ECG signal. Another problem happen as a result to the location of the used electrodes for recording ECG since these electrodes are placed on the mother abdomen. The obtained abdominal ECG signal also contain different types of interferences. The maternal ECG represents the first big interference source with the FECG signal. Breathing, the activity of mother's muscle, electrode contact with the mother's skin, power line interference and thermal noise, all of them represent a possible noise source. In case of extraction ECG signal for twin gestation, clear FECG for every single fetal would be more difficult because in addition to the all mentioned source of interferences and noise, both fetuses may share the same morphology and FHR. Close monitoring to the heart of twin is required for early diagnose of congenial problems which infect heart. In this study a novel approach has been made by combining conventional Stone BSS and particle swarm optimization (PSO) to produce (MSBSS). The obtained results are compared with other two BSS algorithms (EFICA and JADE) in addition to the obtained results using conventional Stone BSS. MSBSS method has revealed better performance comparing with the other BSS techniques including original Stone BSS.

Abstract A new architecture for increasing the number of simultaneous users in a hybrid system and providing a solution for the channel bottleneck problem has been designed and simulated. The 10G-TDM-OCDMA-PON system combines optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) and time-division multiplexed passive optical network (TDM-PON) techniques. The high bit rate TDM-PON system is based on a bit interleaving that uses noncontiguous order for data arranging manner, this system used to obtain ultra-high-speed data rate of 40 Gbps based on four TDM channels of 10 Gbps. The OCDMA system is based on two-dimensional single weight zero cross-correlation (2D-SWZCC) employing polarization and wavelength scheme with two orthogonal polarization angles (vertical and horizontal states). The proposed hybrid system increases the scalability by multiplexing M OCDMA codes in the same time slot of the TDM system that has N time slots. The results show that the proposed system with 2D-SWZCC has better performance with a high number of users and higher scalability than the system with 1D-SWZCC.

One of the most widely used systems in the past decades is the mobile communication system. This system provides a way for users to share their messages and information and communicate with each other in different locations without the use of any physical connection. The capabilities of such systems can be categorized into different generations. By definition, mobile network generations are a set of hardware and software advances that have been made with the advent of mobile telephony. If we want to introduce the generations of mobile phones since the creation of the first mobile network, we must start with the first generation of mobile phones or 1G. Then, with the advancement of technology and increasing human needs, other generations of mobile networks emerged. The second generation of mobile (or 2G), the third generation of mobile (or 3G), the fourth generation of mobile (or 4G) and fifth generation mobile (or 5G). Generations of mobile networks such as 2.5G, 2.75G, 3.5G, 3.75G and 4.5G have also emerged, which we will discuss later. In this paper, we do not discuss the zero generation mobile phone. 1G only offered low-quality analog audio services, but 2G had better audio quality than the previous generation due to the use of digital signals instead of analog. Then, in 3G, in addition to transmitting audio data, it was also possible to transfer non-voice data. In this generation, higher data rates, more capacity and multimedia communications were also supported. In 4G, the network capacity increased a lot and the data transfer speed and quality improved significantly. Finally, in the 5G standard, using new technologies such as millimeter waves and D2D communication, the data exchange speed has increased a lot and everyone is moving towards communication. In this paper, we describe the transition from 1G to 5G technologies and compare these technologies from different aspects.

War is one of the most destructive phenomena of human societies that has bad effects even after its end. The dangers of exploding landmines potentially threaten residents of war-torn areas. Mines in different parts of Iraq are also facing a big challenge today due to their involvement in various wars. Accordingly, providing an efficient method of detecting underground mines can be a great help in detecting and neutralizing mines left over from the war. One of the most efficient technologies for detecting various objects in the basement is ground penetrating radar technology. In this paper, it is suggested that due to the characteristics of the Synthetic Aperture Radar in the production of images with the help of electromagnetic waves, the algorithms of this radar be used for imaging from below the surface. On the other hand, considering that mine detection requires the production of appropriate quality images, it is suggested to use phase error correction methods in order to improve the quality of the produced images. The simulation results also prove the strength of the proposed method.