انتصار رزاق محمد شربة

Abstract: Background: Psoriasis is an inflammation disease linked with the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), metabolic syndrome, and increased atherosclerotic arterial disease risk, especially in severe cases, The factors that are thought to contribute to VTE are hypercoagulability, endothelial injury and venous stasis. Objectives: The research attempts for searching into sensitivity as well as specificity of D-dimer and Fibrinogen and their relationships with IL-17 represents a heart disease hazards with moderately severe psoriasis. Materials and Methods: This case-control study enrolled 50 male patients with psoriasis range aged 15 to 60 years, were matched by age and sex with 50 healthy controls, at Hospitals of the Morgan Teaching and Imam Sadiq in Babylon province, Iraq, between July to October of 2023. The psoriatic scores and levels of D-dimer, Fibrinogen and IL-17 in sera and psoriatic CVD complications were measured. Correlations and Methods of logistical regressing have been applied for these markers for predict within venous thrombotic events. Results: Psoriasis patients had significantly higher levels of D-dimer, Fibrinogen as well as ILـ17 levels (p<0,01) more than controllingـgroup. A positive matrix correlation of these markers with PASI. Logistic regression analysis of psoriasis severity predicts with a higher significant OR of 2.636 (95% CI: 1.317 - 5.277) associated with CVD events compared to those without CVD. In addition to ROC analysis indicates a discriminatory capacity predicted for CVD events in psoriasis patients that D-dimer of AUC (95% CI): 0.901(0.818-0.984), and Fibrinogen was 0.888 (0.797-0.978), while, IL-17 was AUC (95% CI): 0.892 (0.799-0.985). Conclusion: D-dimer and Fibrinogen along with higher IL-17 levels has been identified as a predict factors for greater danger of cardiovascular illnesses in individuals having moderately to severely severe psoriasis.

Abstract: Background: Adolescents face an increased risk of depression due to hormonal fluctuations and the impact on physiological and immunological biomarkers, which are associated with a heightened risk of symptoms of depression during puberty. Aims: Investigate the roles of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and vitamin D (Vt.D) as influential factors in increasing the risk of depression among adolescents. Methods: Cross-sectional study of 130 adolescents aged 12 to 18, between November 2023 and February 2024. This study examined serum IL-6 and Vt.D levels. Additionally, the calculation relies on the Beck Depression Inventory to measure the severity of depression. Results: Adolescents have a significant increase in depression symptoms, with 59.2% showing signs of depression. Depressed adolescents show a significant increase (p<0.001) in IL-6 and decreased Vt. D levels compared to non-depressed individuals. Depression scores were significantly correlated positively with IL-6 levels and negatively with Vt. D levels and Linear regression analysis exhibit a significant positive predictor of IL-6 (B: 4.430; 95% CI: 3.023 to 5.836). Vt. D is a significantly negative predictor (B: -0.145; 95% CI: -0.220 to -0.071) associated with depression scores. Logistics regression showed the risk of depression is higher in females (59.7%; OR: 2.33; p=0.002) compared to males (40.3%; OR: 0.939; p=0.803), overweight and obese adolescents (OR: 3.750, p=0.019; and OR: 2.333, p=0.022), than normal weight and underweight peers. They highly predicted depression in adolescents with deficiency Vt. D (OR: 24.4, p<0.001), and depressed severity increased with no take Vt. D supplement (OR: 1.769, p=004), more than those who had taken Vt. D Supplement (OR: 0.571, p=0.207). Discussion: Vitamin D affects serotonin synthesis by a unique biological mechanism. Serotonin is always involved in the pathophysiology of depression. Vitamin D may have a neuroprotective effect on the inflammatory process in the body. Support immunomodulation leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines and vitamins, which suppresses the synthesis of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 by monocytes. Conclusions: The likelihood of severe adolescent depression was found to be associated with elevated IL-6 levels and a deficiency in Vitamin D, serving as available predictors.

Background: Hepcidin is a polypeptide hormone as regulator of iron homeostasis, and it plays an important role of functional iron deficiency in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) which associated with hemodialysis (HD) because of defective erythropoiesis in CKD. This study was conducted to assess the association between hepcidin and anemia status in HD patients. This was a cross-sectional study of 65 HD patients and EPO therapy were enrolled; compared with 25 age matched healthy individuals as controls. The current study was investigated serum hepcidin, iron status was included serum ferritin and iron levels, anemia hematological indices such as RBC, Hb, MCV, and MCH, in addition to other clinical parameters of kidney function, and C-reactive protein (CRP) as inflammation markers were performed in both HD patients and controls. Results: The mean patient age was (45.65±13.34) years, with dialysis vintage of median (IQR) was (12 (3-36) month. serum hepcidin were highly significantly increase in HD patients than in the control group (622.3±139.6, and 465.16±80.31pg/ml, respectively p = 0.0001). serum hepcidin significantly associated with 37% anemia severity about (692.4±119.8) pg/ml more than patient with 49.2% of moderate about (605.3±117.7) pg/ml, (p=0.007) as compared with 13.8% of mild anemia groups (531.8±99.12) pg/ml, (p=0.001).

Background: Vitamin D deficiency and anemia are common problems that increased pathophysiology in the chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing hemodialysis (HD). This study was conducted to assess the association between vitamin D and anemia status in HD patients. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 65 HD patients and EPO therapy were enrolled; compared with 25 age matched healthy individuals as controls. The current study was investigated serum hepcidin, iron status was included serum ferritin and iron levels, anemia hematological indices such as RBC, Hb, MCV, and MCH, in addition to other clinical parameters of kidney function, and C-reactive protein (CRP) as inflammation markers were performed in both HD patients and controls. Results: The mean patient age was (45.65±13.34) years, with dialysis vintage of median (IQR) was (12 (3-36) month. serum hepcidin were highly significantly increase in HD patients than in the control group (622.3±139.6, and 465.16±80.31pg/ml, respectively p = 0.0001). serum hepcidin significantly associated with 37% anemia severity about (692.4±119.8) pg/ml more than patient with 49.2% of moderate about (605.3±117.7) pg/ml, (p=0.007) as compared with 13.8% of mild anemia groups (531.8±99.12) pg/ml, (p=0.001).

ABSTRACT Background: β-thalassemia is a blood disorder in which the body does not make hemoglobin normally. Aim: To assess serum sclerostin in female patients with beta-thalassemia and compare with the healthy controls and to predict its complication associated with the bone pathophysiology, for designed improvement the lifestyle goodliness for these patients. Material and methods: Sixty-nine female beta-thalassemia (βT) patients (54 βT major and 15 βT Intermedia), aged 8-40 years who dependent on transfused blood, and 20 healthy controls were evaluated serum sclerostin, and was examined the relationship with hematological parameters RBC, Hb, PCV, WBC, PLT, BMI, splenic status, iron, and ferritin levels. The information of beta-thalassemia patients was collected and records by the questioner. Results: A significantly increased serum sclerostin level (mean 26.80±0.91) pg/ml was showed in βT patients compared with the healthy controls (10.03±0.68, p < 0.001) pg/ml. Furthermore, a significant decrease (p<0.05) of the sclerostin level was observed in β-thalassemia major compared to intermedia β-thalassemia patients. Serum sclerostin level revealed a significant increase in progress age; it is highest in the age group (30-40) year as compared with age group (8-18) and (19-29) year respectively. Sclerostin showed no associations with the RBC, Hb, PCV, and significantly positively correlated (p<0.05) with serum iron, ferritin levels, WBC, and PLT count. Significantly higher sclerostin levels in splenectomized and underweight groups were observed compared to unsplenectomized and normal-weight groups (p<0.05) of βT patients. Conclusions: Sclerostin plays an important role in beta-thalassemia patients and can serve as a biomarker associated with the bone pathophysiology and indicator to prevent the continuation of such serious diseases caused by iron overload in these patients.

Abstract The aim of this study was the identification of the most serious problems of chronic addiction Waterpipe Smoking (Wp. S) on serum Testosterone and Estrogen hormones leading to dysfunction of the male reproductive system. This case-control study was conducted on 90 participated (60 Wp.S. and 30 Non-Smokers as a control group) at Kufa University of Sciences faculty, AL-Najaf province of Iraq in 2019. Mean of the age (29.03±1.38) year, ranged (12-50), and average number consuming of Wp. S per day is (2.37±0.18) ranged (1-6), 3 ml drawn from the veins blood specimens were collected for estimated Serum testosterone and estrogen levels by ELISA techniques. The Results Reported were significantly decreased (p<0.05) in testosterone levels in Wp. S compared with non- smoker median (IQR) of (3.5(3.2-4.1) vs. 7(5.4-8.08) pg/ml, p=0.0001), while significantly increased of estrogen (51.55(48-61.75) vs. 23(18-28.5) pg/ml, p=0.0001). Furthermore, multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that number of Waterpipe smoking (No.Wp.S) was a predicted factor associated negatively to testosterone and a positive with estrogen (-0.707, p =0.0001, and 0.525, p =0.0001) more than effect of age (-0.355, p= 0.001, and -0.053; p=0.739), and BMI (0.128, p=0.178, and 0.054, p=0.618) respectively. In Conclusion addiction or urgently of Wp. S effects of decreases serum testosterone and increased estrogen levels, and it`s possibly caused by the negative effects in male reproductive function, that especially associated with No. Wp. S is consuming per day.

Abstract Treating herbl medicines, based on their long-term widespread use as anti-fertility agents, conversely it`s possible to have herbs that are effective for improving fertility. Endometrium of the uterus undergoes enormous renovation in response to systemic changes in reproductive hormones (progesterone and estradiol) during each reproductive cycle).Twenty five health mature female mice (aged 8 weeks) divided into five groups (5/each) were participants in the current to investigate the fertility effects of Origanum vulgare against the reproductive toxicity induced by Fenugreek. These effects examine by measuring the number of ovarian follicles, thickness of the uterus and steroid hormone levels (estrogen & progesterone) in serum. The results showed no significant differences (p>0.05) in number of ovarian follicales, steroid hormones level, and lower in thikness layers of uterus tissus the experimental treated groups with Fenugreek (250 mg/kg and O.vulgare (90,180,270) mg/kg respectively. Depending on these outcomes, the hot aqueous of O. vulgare has enhancement reproductive system in female albino mice, and these results give additional scientific support to maybe use O. vulgare as an alternative for problems of fertility.

Abstract Gabapentin (GPN) is an anti-seizure drug that has also been prescribed for managing nerve pain and other ailments. However, its abuse has become an increasing concern, as it might lead to a serious health hazard. This study was therefore conducted to investigate the effects of oral administration of GPN drug on hematological blood parameters, as well as examine histological changes in vital organs of laboratory mice. Twenty female mice were obtained for the study and divided into four groups (5 mice each). The control group (G1) was maintained on a standard ration and treated orally with 1 ml of distilled water. Treatment groups; G2, G3, and G4 were administered with GPN (1, 0.5, and 0.25 mg/kg body weight, respectively) for 8 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed and the blood was collected for hematological analysis and histological examination on the liver and kidney. The results revealed that in the GPN-treated G2 (1 mg/kg body weight), a significant (p<0.05) decrease in WBC count was observed compared with the control group (G1), but the differences among the other groups were not significant. There was a significant decrease in the RBC, MCV, and MCH values, compared to the G1. Conversely, RDW, PLT, liver enzyme function and kidney parameters in all the GPN-treated groups (G2, G3, and G4) increased significantly in relation to the G1. Furthermore, the pathohistological study revealed extensive damage to the liver tissues and hepatocyte cord in the G2; moderate damage in the G3; while no obvious change was observed in the G4. Our findings indicated that the use of GPN as an anti-arthritis drug at high doses is associated with a long-term wide range of side effects in the body, and its use is therefore recommended at lower doses. Key words: Anti-arthritis drug, Gabapentin, Liver enzyme, Kidney function

E-selectin, as identified (CD62E), is expressed on endothelial cells after stimulation with inflammation cytokines. β-Thalassemia diseases (βT) and early diagnosis are of utmost significance in the entire world population. This study was performed in the Thalassemia Center of the Al-Zahraa Educational Hospital in Al-Najaf Province, Iraq, on sixty-nine with β-thalassemia (54 βT major and 15 βT Intermedia) aged 8-40 years who transfused blood. Compared to 20 healthy volunteers as a control group. In both βT patients and healthy groups were assessed serum E-selectin levels. It was investigated the relationship with RBC, Hb, PCV, WBC, PLT, BMI, splenic status, iron, and ferritin levels. The results revealed a significant (P<0.05) decreased values of HB, RBC, P.C.V, and BMI. In contrast, values of WBC, PLT, Iron, and Ferritin were significantly increased in βT patients as compared to the healthy control groups. A significant (P<0.05) increase in serum E- Selectin level in βT patients (20.55±0.47) ng/ml to compare with the healthy group (9.16±0.50) ng/ml. Furthermore, it was a significant decrease in groups of βT major (19.87±0.42) ng/ml more than in βT intermedia (23±1.42) ng/ml. E-Selectin revealed a significant increase (P<0.05) in progress age and associated with splenectomies and underweight groups compared to splenectomies and the normal weight groups, respectively. Also, E-Selectin levels significantly positively correlated with WBC, PLT value, iro

Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) expression increase exposure to tissue injury and has recently emerged as a useful biomarker for multiple diseases. This study is aimed at detecting serum GDF-15 in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and assessing its value in the early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). This cross-sectional study, involved a total of 60 patients with CKD aged 15-65 years, selected according to their albumin creatinine ratio (ACR): >30 mg/g (14 DN), and ACR <30 mg/g (18 without DN), patients were compared with 28 healthy participants. Serum GDF-15 level, hematological, and biochemical parameters were measured. In the DN group, levels of GDF-15, C-reactive protein (CRP), urea, and creatinine were significantly higher, while RBCs, Hb, and GFR were significantly lower (p<0.05) in comparison with CKD non-DN group. GDF-15 was significantly negatively correlated with RBCs (R2=0.548), Hb (R2=0.559), and GFR (R2=0.466), while it was positively associated with CRP (R2=0.532). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to assess value of GDF-15 indicated AUC 87.7% ± 0.045 (95% CI 0.78–0.99, p<0.0001, 83.2-22.2% sensitivity and specificity). In multivariate analysis, GDF-15 is independently predictive for diagnosing DN (OR=1.01, 95% CI: 1.00-1.03, p=0.009). Furthermore, each of Hb, GFR, and CRP was found a predictor of GDF-15, (β=-0.42, 2.35, and 0.26). In conclusion, GDF-15 represents a risk biomarker in CKD patients with DN with associated anemia and inflammation more than in CKD without DN. Additionally, GDF-15 can be a predictive risk stratification factor for achieving the end stage of diabetic kidney disease. Keywords: Diabetic nephropathy, GDF-15, CKD, Anemia CKD.

Abstract. Erythroferrone (ERFE) is a glycoprotein hormone produced by erythroblasts in response to erythropoietic activity by stimulation of erythropoietin that acts directly on the liver to inhibit production of hepcidin, lead to increases iron delivery for intensified activity of erythropoietic. Beta thalassemia are inherited disorders characterized by reduced or absent synthesis of beta globin chains in the hemoglobin (Hb) molecule1 The pathophysiology has been recognized by anemia and iron overload continually with resultant of frequented blood transfusions. We intend to investigate serum ERFE level and their associations with each other. Beta Thalassemia (BT) patients, who were inspected at thalassemia center in ALzahra`a hospital teaching period transfusions blood (PTB) for each (14-30 day). Seventy patients were aged about (11-28 year) and 20 subjects healthy as control group, who matched were included in the study. Results. Serum ERFE levels were significantly higher in BT patients compared to control groups. There were significantly (p<0.05) differences in these biomarker between (BTM and BTI), (splenectomy and non splenectomy) groups. a negative correlation between ERFE levels with HB, PCV, MCV, MCH, Iron, and Ferritin while it was a not significant correlated with MCHC and PTB. High level of ERFE as new biomarker in patients with BTM and BTI is associated with mild or severe anemia and iron overload especially in patients with splenectomy.

# معرفة الرئيسيةالخدماتالقواعد المتخصصةالمفضلةاتصل بنا Language تسجيل الدخول الرئيسيةنتائج البحث Role of some factors in distribution of neonatal jaundice in Al-Najaf Province, Iraq المؤلفون المشاركون al-Zahid, Jinan M. Sharba, Intisar Razzaq المصدر مجلة جامعة الكوفة لعلوم الحياة : مجلة علمية محكمة الناشر جامعة الكوفة كلية العلوم قسم علوم الحياة تاريخ النشر 2018-12-31 دولة النشر العراق عدد الصفحات 9 الموضوع الرئيسي الأمراض الموضوعات النجف(مدينة)المواليداليرقان الملخص الإنجليزي The present study occurred to detected on the factors in distribution of neonatal jaundice. During the first week of postnatal life affecting almost two thirds of term newborns, jaundice occurs in 60% of term newborns and 80% of preterm newborns in the first week of birth. Methods: The present study was conducted from September 2017 to January 2018. It was included 106 neonatal infants age (at born -17 day) treated with neonatal jaundice, who were Neonatology department at Al-Zahra Teaching Hospital located in Al-Najaf, Iraq. Data were collected using the newborns’ medical records and interview sessions with the mothers. The results of this study were showed of 106 neonates jaundice infants indicated to significant difference p-value is <0.05 of age groups (<24 Hr. n= 46, 1-8 day n= 42, 9-16 n= 18), of neonatal jaundice infants in parameters included TSB, Hb, weight, and gestation age. The percent of neonatal jaundice rate was highest in male 62(59%) from female 44(41%). Increased of percent of neonatal jaundice rate in Gestation Age group >36 week n = 64(60.40%) more than group =< 35 week n = 42(39.60 %), a statistically significant differences p <0.05 decreased in TSB, Hb, weight, and gestation age of weight group =< 1500 g n=22(20.8%), more than groups1600-2500 g n=32 (30.2%), and >2600 g n=52(49.1%) when compared between them. ABO results: the high percent rate in blood group O maternal (41.5%) when compared with A (32.1%), B (22.65%), and AB(3.8%) maternal blood groups. Conclusion: ABO and age gestation was an important factors may be effects of development physiological neonatal jaundice into harmful pathological neonatal jaundice and hyperbilirubinemia

Abstract Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a condition that correlated with biochemical and clinical abnormalities due disturbances endocrine, which affects the function of the kidneys. Sclerostin, erythropoietin, and PTH have been shown to be associated with many complications related in patients with CKD. The study involved 21 male patients with (CKD) mean age (45.21±2.8 years) comprising nine no dialysis CKD, twelve patients with dialysis (end stage of CKD), who were attending kidney disease Center of Al-Sadder Teaching Hospital at Al-Najaf province. The exclusion criteria include blood transfusion in the last one-month and dialysis less than three months.Nine healthy volunteer male mean age (44.1±3.7 years) as control group. Estimated biomarkers sclerostin, PTH, and Epo, in addition to the age, body max index (BMI), red blood corpuscle (RBC), heamoglobin (Hb), ferritin, calcium, phosphor levels for all subject. Lower level of RBC, Hb, and calcium, while higher level of phosphor and ferritin in patients comparison with control group. Significant difference (P<0.05) between no-dialysis and dialysis groups in these parameters.Sclerostin and PTH levels was higher significantly but Epo levels lower significantly in CKD patients than controls (P<0.05), and highest in those with dialysis more than no- dialysis.Duration of dialysis showed a significant positive correlation with age (R² = 0.921), BMI (R² = 0.940), Phosphor (R² = 0.907), and PTH (R² = 0.874). While it was observed a significant negative correlation with Sclerostin (R² = 0.740), Calcium (R² = 0.863), and erythropoietin (R² = 0.714). A significant negative (P<0.01) correlation between Sclerostin serum levels after adjustment dialysis duration and PTH (r= –0.92), while it`s a significant positively correlated with Erythropoietin (r=0.7) In conclusion, there is a relationship between sclerostin with each of Epo and PTHlevel, which affected with duration of dialysis in CKD patients.

Abstract This study was conducted in the laboratories of the Faculty of Science - University of Kufa in ) 2014- 2015) Included extraction and isolation of deferent type of proteins from the scales of fish carps Cyprinus carpio and Khushani liza albue in salt and freshwater environments and used in the experiment peels dorsal origin. Continuously drawn to peel the fish using a systematic solution )50 m M Tris-HCl, pH 7.5)Concentration of 1M of non-protein compounds associated proteins was isolated using central ostracism and deposition of proteins from the organizer of the solution using different concentrations of ammonium sulfate(NH 4) 2SO4). The results show the presence of different protein compounds was deposited from the scale of qualitative studied fish through the use of different saturation concentrations of ammonium sulfate and achieve different and isolate the protein compounds residual saturation ratios by sulfates were classified according to the proportion saturation of Almaah gratification was quantification using a spectrophotometer deviceUV- Spectrophotometer at wavelength of 250 nm . The results show through the different types and amount of proteins in different species and studied the different growth environment.

Aim of study was conducted in the laboratory of Al Sadr Teaching Hospital of the date 1/8/2011 to end 30/10/2011, included (60) samples from males were divided into two groups, first group included (45) people who smoked water pipe only and the second group included (15) people not taking any type of smoking ,cigarettes and water pipes(control group),where he was average age of both groups (30) years, were measured some blood and biochemical criteria for both groups.Results of standard vessels in the current study that water pipe smoking did not affect the number of Red blood cells where not significant differences of moral (p> 0.05) compared with the control group and, while demonstrating a higher moral (p <0.05) in the preparation of white blood cells and the concentration of total hemoglobin and PCV compared with the control group, and for smoking water pipes and the number of times per day of the factors that cause a significant increase in those standards were the highest increase in duration (21 above) and a group number (7 above), respectively.As for the criteria for biochemical, results showed a significant increase (p <0.05)in the concentration of total cholesterol and triglycerides and lipoproteins low-lying LDL and low-lying very VLDL in a water pipe smokers, compared with the control group, results also indicated that the duration of smoking water pipes and the number of times smoking cause rise significantly in concentrations Those standards were above the group duration (21 above) and number (7 above), while the results showed a decline was not significant in the concentration of lipoproteins of high density HDL compared with the control group; and for water pipes smoking and the number of smoking per day has a negative impact in terms the back of a significant decrease in duration (21 above) and a group number (7 above) compared with the two groups (1-10), (11-20) and totals for the number (1-3), (4-6) respectively. أجريت الدراسة في مختبرات مستشفى الصدر التعليمي 1/8/2011 ولغاية 30/10/2011 تضمنت الدراسة (60)عينة من الرجال قسمت إلى مجموعتين, المجموعة الأولى شملت 45 شخص من الذين يدخنون النرجيلة فقط و المجموعة الثانية تضمنت(15)شخص لا يتعاطون أي نوع من التدخين،السجائر والنرجيلة (مجموعة السيطرة)،إذ كان متوسط أعمار كلا المجموعتين(30)سنة،تم قياس بعض المعايير الدموية والكيموحيوية لكلتا المجموعتين.أشارت نتائج المعايير الدموية في الدراسة الحالية إلى أن تدخين النرجيلة لم تؤثر في أعداد كريات الدم الحمر حيث انعدمت الفروق المعنوية p> 0.05)) مقارنة مع مجموعة السيطرة بينما بينت وجود ارتفاعا معنويا (p< 0.05) في أعداد خلايا الدم البيض وتركيز الهيموكلوبين الكلي ومكداس الدم مقارنة مع مجموعة السيطرة،وان مدة تدخين النرجيلة وعدد مرات التدخين باليوم الواحد من العوامل التي تسبب زيادة معنوية في تلك المعايير فكانت أعلى زيادة في المدة (21 فما فوق ) ومجموعة العدد (7 فما فوق )على التوالي. أما بالنسبة للمعايير الكيموحيوية،أظهرت النتائج وجود ارتفاع معنوي (p< 0.05) في تركيز الكوليستيرول الكلي والكلسيريدات الثلاثية والبروتينات الدهنية الواطئة LDLوالواطئة جداVLDL في مجموعة مدخني النرجيلة مقارنة مع مجموعة السيطرة، كما أشارت النتائج إلى إن مدة تدخين النرجيلة وعدد مرات التدخين تسبب ارتفاعا معنويا في تراكيز تلك المعايير وكان أعلاه في المجموعة المدة (21 فما فوق ) والعدد (7 فما فوق ) بينما بينت النتائج وجود انخفاض غير معنوي في تركيز البروتينات الدهنية العالية الكثافة HDL مقارنة مع مجموعة السيطرة؛وان لمدة تدخين النرجيلة وعدد مرات التدخين باليوم الواحد له اثر سلبي حيث ظهر انخفاضا معنويا في المدة (21 فما فوق) ومجوعة العدد(7 فما فوق)مقارنة مع المجموعتين (1-10) ، (11- 20) و مجاميع العدد (1-3) ، (4-6) على التوالي . نستنتج من ذلك ان تدخين النرجيلة لها اثر واضح في زيادة اعداد خلايا الدم البيض وتركيز الهيموكلوبين ونسبة مكداس الدم في حين لم يظهر لها أي تاثير في اعداد كريات الدم الحمر كما يتأثر محتوى الدهون في الجسم بفعل تدخين النرجيلة ، اذ لوحظ ارتفاع في مستوى كل من الكوليستيرول الكلي ، الكليسيريدات الثلاثية والليبوبروتينات الواطئة LDL والواطئة الكثافة جدا VLDL , اضافة الى أن لمدة تدخين النرجيلة وعدد مرات التدخين(زيادة جرعة التدخين)، تعمل على تغيير المعايير الدموية والكيموحيوية المدروسة في البحث والبمذكورة في النقطتين اعلاه.

The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between gestational age and increased incidence of jaundice congenital or so-called disease, yellowing of the skin in newborns, and its relationship to other causes leading to increased incidence of infection and their negative impact on children's health. The study was conducted at Al Zahra Hospital education for the birth and children in the province of Najaf since 08/01/2010 until 30/10/2010. The study included follow-up (80) The situation of newborn children of both sexes(male 54, female 26) aged (1 day to 10 days) with neonatal jaundice early and admitted to the Division of preterm infants at home. With the knowledge that children do not suffer from any medical condition, diseases such as liver, anemia, and others. After the cases were divided into groups according to gender, gestational age and weight, where comparison is made between these groups Revealed statistical analysis of the results of this study there is high significant (p <0.05) in the incidence of jaundice congenital in males 67.5% when compared with females 32.5%, was , also found high significant (p <0.05) in concentration of total bilirubin in males , but zero, the differences of the moral (p> 0.05) in pcv, weight and gestational age in patients with congenital jaundice in both sexes.The results also show a significant increase (p <0.05) in the incidence of neonatal jaundice between the groups was gestational age and gaze at the gestational age of at least 36 weeks (52.5%), which included each of the two groups (28-31) and (32-35) as reached (12.5% and 40%) when compared with gestational age (36-39) hit (47.5%), respectively, has shown a rise was not significant in the concentration of total bilirubin in gestational age (32-35) when compared with gestational age (28-31) and (36-39) hit (4.07 ± 18.13), (3.64 ± 15.12) and (3.12 ± 15.81) respectively, also made findings that there was no significant differences in pcv for both groups, respectivelyWhile statistical analysis pointed to the existence of a significant reduction in weight for the same gestational age groups was above the gestational age (28-31), amounting to 0.45 ± 1.92)) when compared with gestational age (32-35) and (36-39), where reached values (0.48 ± 2.62) and (0.58 ± 2.78), respectively, but it is not clear any significant difference between the last two sets. The results indicated the relationship between weight and the incidence of jaundice congenital to the presence of high moral in the incidence of jaundice congenital between the totals of weight increase was evident in the group at least (3> kg), which included each of the two groups (1 - 1.9) and (2 - 2.9) it reached (15% and 48.75%) when compared with the group (3>) where was (36.25%), as indicated by statistical analysis of the presence of elevated significantly in the concentration of total bilirubin between the totals of the weights and was above the group (2 - 2.9), amounting to ( 4.14 ± 17.20) when compared with the group (1 - 1.9) and (3>), which amounted to (3.40 ± 15.40) and (3.28 ± 16.44), respectively, did not show any significant differences in the pcv of the groups themselves. هدفت الدراسة الحالية إلى معرفة العلاقة بين عمر الحمل و زيادة نسبة الإصابة باليرقان الولادي أو ما يدعى بمرض اصفرار الجلد في الأطفال حديثي الولادة ,وعلاقته بالأسباب الأخرى والمؤدية إلى زيادة حدوث الإصابة وتأثيرها السلبي في صحة الطفل.أجريت الدراسة في مستشفى الزهراء(ع) التعليمي للولادة والأطفال في محافظة النجف الاشرف للمدة من 1/8/2010 ولغاية 30/10/2010. وقد شملت الدراسة متابعة (80) حالة من الأطفال حديثي الولادة لكلا الجنسين (ذكور 54 و إناث 26) بعمر (1 يوم إلى10 يوم) المصابين باليرقان الولادي المبكر والراقدين في شعبة الخدج المنزلي. مع العلم إن الأطفال لا يعانون من أي حالة مرضية كإمراض الكبد وفقر الدم و غيرها . إذ قسمت الحالات إلى مجاميع حسب الجنس, عمر الحمل والوزن , حيث تمت المقارنة بين تلك المجاميع . بينت نتائج التحليل الإحصائي لنتائج هذه الدراسة إلى وجود ارتفاع معنوي (p< 0.05) في نسبة الإصابة باليرقان الولادي في الذكور 67.5 % عند المقارنة مع الإناث 32.5 % كما بينت وجود ارتفاع معنوي في تركيز البيليروبين الكلي في الذكور أعلى منه في الإناث , وقد انعدمت الفروق المعنوية (p> 0.05) في مكداس الدم , الوزن وعمر الحمل في المصابين باليرقان الولادي في كلا الجنسين . كما بينت النتائج وجود ارتفاع معنوي (p< 0.05)في نسبة الإصابة باليرقان الولادي بين مجاميع عمر الحمل وكان اعلاه في عمر الحمل الأقل من 36 أسبوع (52.5%) والذي شمل كل من المجموعتين (28-31) و (32-35) اذ بلغت (12.5%و 40%) على التوالي عند مقارنتها مع عمر الحمل (36-39) حيث بلغت (47.5%) , وقد اتضح وجود ارتفاع غير معنوي في تركيز البيليروبين الكلي في عمر الحمل (32-35) عند مقارنته مع عمر الحمل (28-31) و(32-35) حيث بلغت ( 4.07 ± 18.13) ,( 3.64 ± 15.12)و(3.12 ±15.81) على التوالي , كما أدلت النتائج بعدم وجود فروق معنوية في مكداس الدم لكلا المجاميع على التوالي . في حين أشارت التحاليل الإحصائية إلى وجود انخفاض معنوي في الوزن لنفس مجاميع عمر الحمل فقد كان أعلاه في عمر الحمل (28-31) إذ بلغ 0.45 ± 1.92))عند المقارنة مع عمر الحمل (32-35) و (36-39) حيث بلغت القيم (0.48 ± 2.62) و (0.58 ± 2.78) على التوالي لكن لم يتضح أي فرق معنوي بين المجموعتين الأخيرتين. وقد دلت نتائج العلاقة بين الوزن ونسبة الإصابة باليرقان الولادي إلى وجود ارتفاع معنوي في نسبة الإصابة باليرقان الولادي بين مجاميع الوزن وكانت الزيادة واضحة في المجموعة الأقل من (3< كغم ) والتي شملت كل من المجموعتين(1- 1.9 ) و (2- 2.9) اذ بلغت (15% و 48.75 %) عند مقارنتها مع المجموعة (3>) حيث بلغت (36.25 %), كما أشار التحليل الإحصائي بوجود ارتفاع معنوي في تركيز البيليروبين الكلي بين مجاميع الأوزان وكان أعلاه في المجموعة (2- 2.9) (14 ±17.20 ) عند المقارنة مع المجموعة (1- 1.9 ) و (3>) , حيث بلغت (3.40 ±15.40) و(3.28 ±16.44 ) على التوالي , ولم تبين أي فروق معنوية في مكداس الدم للمجاميع نفسها.

The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between gestational age and increased incidence of jaundice congenital or so-called disease, yellowing of the skin in newborns, and its relationship to other causes leading to increased incidence of infection and their negative impact on children's health. The study was conducted at Al Zahra Hospital education for the birth and children in the province of Najaf since 08/01/2010 until 30/10/2010. The study included follow-up (80) The situation of newborn children of both sexes(male 54, female 26) aged (1 day to 10 days) with neonatal jaundice early and admitted to the Division of preterm infants at home. With the knowledge that children do not suffer from any medical condition, diseases such as liver, anemia, and others. After the cases were divided into groups according to gender, gestational age and weight, where comparison is made between these groups Revealed statistical analysis of the results of this study there is high significant (p <0.05) in the incidence of jaundice congenital in males 67.5% when compared with females 32.5%, was , also found high significant (p <0.05) in concentration of total bilirubin in males , but zero, the differences of the moral (p> 0.05) in pcv, weight and gestational age in patients with congenital jaundice in both sexes.The results also show a significant increase (p <0.05) in the incidence of neonatal jaundice between the groups was gestational age and gaze at the gestational age of at least 36 weeks (52.5%), which included each of the two groups (28-31) and (32-35) as reached (12.5% and 40%) when compared with gestational age (36-39) hit (47.5%), respectively, has shown a rise was not significant in the concentration of total bilirubin in gestational age (32-35) when compared with gestational age (28-31) and (36-39) hit (4.07 ± 18.13), (3.64 ± 15.12) and (3.12 ± 15.81) respectively, also made findings that there was no significant differences in pcv for both groups, respectivelyWhile statistical analysis pointed to the existence of a significant reduction in weight for the same gestational age groups was above the gestational age (28-31), amounting to 0.45 ± 1.92)) when compared with gestational age (32-35) and (36-39), where reached values (0.48 ± 2.62) and (0.58 ± 2.78), respectively, but it is not clear any significant difference between the last two sets. The results indicated the relationship between weight and the incidence of jaundice congenital to the presence of high moral in the incidence of jaundice congenital between the totals of weight increase was evident in the group at least (3> kg), which included each of the two groups (1 - 1.9) and (2 - 2.9) it reached (15% and 48.75%) when compared with the group (3>) where was (36.25%), as indicated by statistical analysis of the presence of elevated significantly in the concentration of total bilirubin between the totals of the weights and was above the group (2 - 2.9), amounting to ( 4.14 ± 17.20) when compared with the group (1 - 1.9) and (3>), which amounted to (3.40 ± 15.40) and (3.28 ± 16.44), respectively, did not show any significant differences in the pcv of the groups themselves. هدفت الدراسة الحالية إلى معرفة العلاقة بين عمر الحمل و زيادة نسبة الإصابة باليرقان الولادي أو ما يدعى بمرض اصفرار الجلد في الأطفال حديثي الولادة ,وعلاقته بالأسباب الأخرى والمؤدية إلى زيادة حدوث الإصابة وتأثيرها السلبي في صحة الطفل.أجريت الدراسة في مستشفى الزهراء(ع) التعليمي للولادة والأطفال في محافظة النجف الاشرف للمدة من 1/8/2010 ولغاية 30/10/2010. وقد شملت الدراسة متابعة (80) حالة من الأطفال حديثي الولادة لكلا الجنسين (ذكور 54 و إناث 26) بعمر (1 يوم إلى10 يوم) المصابين باليرقان الولادي المبكر والراقدين في شعبة الخدج المنزلي. مع العلم إن الأطفال لا يعانون من أي حالة مرضية كإمراض الكبد وفقر الدم و غيرها . إذ قسمت الحالات إلى مجاميع حسب الجنس, عمر الحمل والوزن , حيث تمت المقارنة بين تلك المجاميع . بينت نتائج التحليل الإحصائي لنتائج هذه الدراسة إلى وجود ارتفاع معنوي (p< 0.05) في نسبة الإصابة باليرقان الولادي في الذكور 67.5 % عند المقارنة مع الإناث 32.5 % كما بينت وجود ارتفاع معنوي في تركيز البيليروبين الكلي في الذكور أعلى منه في الإناث , وقد انعدمت الفروق المعنوية (p> 0.05) في مكداس الدم , الوزن وعمر الحمل في المصابين باليرقان الولادي في كلا الجنسين . كما بينت النتائج وجود ارتفاع معنوي (p< 0.05)في نسبة الإصابة باليرقان الولادي بين مجاميع عمر الحمل وكان اعلاه في عمر الحمل الأقل من 36 أسبوع (52.5%) والذي شمل كل من المجموعتين (28-31) و (32-35) اذ بلغت (12.5%و 40%) على التوالي عند مقارنتها مع عمر الحمل (36-39) حيث بلغت (47.5%) , وقد اتضح وجود ارتفاع غير معنوي في تركيز البيليروبين الكلي في عمر الحمل (32-35) عند مقارنته مع عمر الحمل (28-31) و(32-35) حيث بلغت ( 4.07 ± 18.13) ,( 3.64 ± 15.12)و(3.12 ±15.81) على التوالي , كما أدلت النتائج بعدم وجود فروق معنوية في مكداس الدم لكلا المجاميع على التوالي . في حين أشارت التحاليل الإحصائية إلى وجود انخفاض معنوي في الوزن لنفس مجاميع عمر الحمل فقد كان أعلاه في عمر الحمل (28-31) إذ بلغ 0.45 ± 1.92))عند المقارنة مع عمر الحمل (32-35) و (36-39) حيث بلغت القيم (0.48 ± 2.62) و (0.58 ± 2.78) على التوالي لكن لم يتضح أي فرق معنوي بين المجموعتين الأخيرتين. وقد دلت نتائج العلاقة بين الوزن ونسبة الإصابة باليرقان الولادي إلى وجود ارتفاع معنوي في نسبة الإصابة باليرقان الولادي بين مجاميع الوزن وكانت الزيادة واضحة في المجموعة الأقل من (3< كغم ) والتي شملت كل من المجموعتين(1- 1.9 ) و (2- 2.9) اذ بلغت (15% و 48.75 %) عند مقارنتها مع المجموعة (3>) حيث بلغت (36.25 %), كما أشار التحليل الإحصائي بوجود ارتفاع معنوي في تركيز البيليروبين الكلي بين مجاميع الأوزان وكان أعلاه في المجموعة (2- 2.9) (14 ±17.20 ) عند المقارنة مع المجموعة (1- 1.9 ) و (3>) , حيث بلغت (3.40 ±15.40) و(3.28 ±16.44 ) على التوالي , ولم تبين أي فروق معنوية في مكداس الدم للمجاميع نفسها.

The present study was concerned to investigate the disturbances that occurred in some hormonal and Criterions in blood serum of women who discontinue of oral contraceptives for different periods ranged from(6–30) month.The study was carried out in AL-Zahra hospital Laboratories for birth and children, in Najaf city ,within period from 1/8/2008 to 1/2/2009This study composed of (101) women ,were devided into two groups : The first group consisted of (83) women who were suffering from prolongation of the perios to be pregnant after the left using the oral contraceptives pills, although these women were previously fertile ,because each of them had born at least one baby before .The second group consist of (18) fertile women . who were never used any kind of contraceptives . All women ages ranged from 24–38 yearResults of all required tests were obtained from the first group compared with that results obtained from control groupStatistical analysis of results revealed that , there was significant decrease (P<0.05) in concentration of both follicle stimulating hormone (FSH),and Luteinizing hormone (LH) ,during follicular phase ,and this decreasing was significantly shown among all age groups ,which is higher decrease from third group (34–38),and from fourth stopping duration(25–30) month ; and the concentration of FSH & LH was reversely decreased where as the ages of women were increased. Otherwise .The study exhibited also a highly significant increase in concentration of both progesterone and estradiol hormones ,and this increasing was significantly shown among all age groups which is higher increase from third group (34–38) of women who were left using oral contraceptive pills ,indifferent periods which is higher increase from first stopping duration(6–12) month .Mean while ,there were no significant differences occurred in prolactin hormone level, in the same groups women and among all age groups also. هدفت الدراسة الحالية الى معرفة الاضطرابات الناتجة عن استعمال حبوب منع الحمل الفموية في بعض المعاير الهرمونية في مصل دم النساء اللاتي توقفن عن استعمال تلك الحبوب ولمدد زمنية متباينة . أجَْرِيَتْ هذه الدراسة في مختبرات مستشفى الزهراء للولادة والأطفال بمحافظة النجف الأشرف للمدة من 1/8/2008 ولغاية 1/2/2009، تم فحص (101)عينة من دم النساء بعد إن قسمت على مجموعتين : شملت المجموعة الأولى (83) حالة من النساء اللواتي كن قد أنجبن سابقا ً ما لا يقل عن طفل واحد وقد تركن تناول حبوب منع الحمل ، ولمدد زمنية متباينة تراوحت بين 6– 30 شهر. أما المجموعة الثانية فتمثل مجموعة السيطرة وقد شملت (18) حالة من النساء اللواتي لم يستعملن أي وسيلة من وسائل منع الحمل، وقد تم التأكد من خصوبتهن أيضا من خلال إجراء الفحوصات الهرمونية الخاصة بذلك . وقد تراوحت أعمار جميع النساء بين 24 – 38 سنة . لقد تم مقارنة جميع النتائج المتحصل عليها من المجموعة الأولى مع نتائج مجموعة السيطرة . كشفت التحاليل الإحصائية لنتائج هذه الدراسة وجود انخفاض معنوي (P <0.05) في تركيز كل من الهرمون المحفز للجريب Follicle Stimulating hormone وكذلك الهرمون الليوتيني hormone Luteinizing وكان ذلك خلال الطور الجريبيphase Follicular لجميع الفئات العمرية وكان أعلاه في الفئة العمرية الثالثة (34 –38) سنة ،وفي مدة الترك الرابعة (25 –30) شهر وقد لوحظ وجود علاقة عكسية بين تركيز الهرمونات والعمر إذ يقل تركيزهما كلما زاد العمر لدى النساء في المجموعة الأولى، كما أظهرت الدراسة وجود ارتفاع معنوي (0.05>P) في تركيز هرموني البروجستيرون والإسترادايول في الطور الليوتينيLuteal phase لدى مجموعة النساء اللاتي تركن استعمال حبوب منع الحمل وللفئات العمرية كافة وكان أعلاه في الفئة العمرية الثالثة (34 –38) سنة ، وقد كانت هذه الزيادة واضحة في جميع مدد ترك الحبوب وكان أعلاها في مدة الترك الأولى (6 –12) شهر. بينما أوضحت الدراسة عدم وجود فوارق معنوية (0.05

Vitamin D deficiency (Vt.D) is common in adolescents and is influenced by some factors, including puberty. It impacted serotonin levels, thus increasing the risk of depression. This study was conducted to assess the association between vitamin D deficiency and depression and its effect on adolescent students. A cross-sectional study of 130 adolescent students aged 12-18 years, between November 2023 to February 2024. This study investigated serum Vt.D, serotonin levels, and hematological indices such as (RBC, Hb, MCV, and MCH, of adolescents, in addition, it was dependent on the Beck Depression Inventory to calculate scales of depression. 130 adolescent students were enrolled aged 12-18, mean ± SD: 14.85±2.19. The results indicated that 77(59.2%) students had depression symptoms, median (IQR) of scores16(13₋21.5), and 53(40.8%) adolescents with non-depressed (scores 5(2.5₋7), who were considered as the control group, a statistically significant between these groups (p=0.035). Depression was significantly more prevalent in females 46(59.7%) than males 31(40.3%), p=0.014. Deficiency Vt.D was found in 63.6% of the total depressive adolescents and was significantly more than nondepressive adolescents 3.8%, p<0.0001, with (B: 3.199, OR: 24.5, 95%CI: 5.96 -100.74). Serum Vt.D level was significantly decreased in depressive adolescent median (IQR) 18.8(13.1 ₋28.9) ng/ml, compared with non-depressed 52.22(42.2₋62.4), (p< 0.0001), and its lowest in a type of severe depression 10.74±3.52. The depressive adolescent group had significantly lower serotonin levels in deficiency Vt.D status than non-depressive groups (143.39±60.91 vs. 314.05±46.11), p = 0.001). Correlations and linear regression analysis to predict the risk factors for depression scores showed a significant negative correlation with levels of Vt.D (r=0.786, B: -0.109, 95%CI: -0.15 to -0.065, p<0.0001), and serotonin (r=0.848, B: 0.003, 95%CI: -0.032 to -0.019, p<0.0001), respectively. Deficiency Vt.D is an important risk factor for adolescents, especially in females, and is associated with an increased risk of depression in adolescent students

Abstract The study aims to determine the efficacy of the Aloe vera gel extract against hepatotoxicity caused by Azathioprine (AZA) and detecting through the changes in serum levels of (AST, ALT, bilirubin, albumin, LDH, and cholesterol) markers between groups of rats. In adult Albino rats, animal groups were oral received 15mg/kg of Azathioprine and 250mg/kg,500 mg/kg of Aloe vera gel extract. Blood samples were collected from all animals after the end of the trial time of 21 days. The results of the study showed that the Aloe vera gel extract has Hepatoprotective effects against Hepatotoxicity induced by Azathioprine (AZA) were the results show there are significant changes in levels of biochemical markers

Abstract This study aims to determine the efficacy of Aloe vera gel against the deficiency in all of the white blood cells (leukopenia) and platelets (thrombocytopenia) that are induced by the effections of drugs(Methotrexate and Azathioprine) and provide the protection and treatment from this deficiency, if drugs are taken alone or in combination in cases that require it, where the results showed significantly reduced in platelets and white blood cell counts, compared with the control group, would be significantly raised by the treatment with the gel of Aloe vera orally

Abstract Acute leukemia (ALL and AML) has an adverse effect hemostasis. Coagulopathy is a common comorbidity in patients with acute leukemia. When compared patients with control the result showed highly significant (p-value<0.05) increase in acute leukemia patients as compared control group in mean of PDGF-BB level, ANXA level, D-Dimer level, H3. Comparison characteristic parameter between acute leukemia patients groups founded significant increase in age, PDGF-BB, D-Dimer and ANXA2 in AML patients more than ALL patients group. H3 and showed no significant difference between AML and ALL patients groups. The ROC curve analysis and AUC for study biomarkers to diagnosis between acute leukemia patients group showed highly positive significant (p-value <0.05) predictive value with PGDF-BB followed by D-Dimer, ANXA2 then H3.

Abstract Thrombocytopenia is a condition characterized by abnormal decrease of platelet count in the blood; leukemia is one of its causes. This study dealt with platelet indicators that are not commonly used in pathological fields. In addition to the platelet count (PLT), the indicators included: mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), plateletcrit (PCT), and platelet large cell ratio (P-LCR). This study verified the importance of the indicators by estimating ineffective platelet production in patients with Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and Acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The study included 28 patients with acute leukemia, they were 11 with ALL (age: 25.64±14.76 years old) and 17 with AML (age: 31.59 ±13.49 years old), in addition 15 normal individuals as control. The blood samples were collected from them. The patients were significantly (p<0.0001) decreased in WBC, RBC, Hb, MPV, PLT, PCT, while significantly higher (p<0.05) in P-LCR, and PDW as compared with the control. Also, these parameters a higher significant when compared between ALL and AML patients, except WBC, PLCR, and PDW showed no significant differences between these patients. ROC test showed that MPV and PLC have higher area under curve (0.763, sensitivity=0.65, specificity=0.36 (p<0.005), and 0.940, sensitivity=0.82, specificity=0.18 (p<0.0001) respectively, for discriminating the leukemia and control. A negative (p <0.001) correlation among platelet counts with MPV (r= -0.670), PLC (r= -0.666), PLCR (r= - 0.701), and PDW (r= -0.705), also a positive correlation between them of platelet indices in leukemia patients. Conclusion: MPV and PLC, a potential marker more than P-LCR and PDW help in predicting leukemia patients as severing thrombocytopenia

ABSTRACT Background: Erythroferrone (ERFE) is a glycoprotein hormone synthesis and release by erythroblasts. Recently identified as an erythropoietic regulator and activated in response to stimulating erythropoietin (Epo). In chronic kidney diseases (CKD), anemia is a hallmark disorder due to a decrease in hyposensitive erythropoietic to the Epo; these patients recommended to use of Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs). The aim: This study aimed to assess serum ERFE level in patients with CKD and investigate the continuing effects of long-term anemic ESA use associated with markers of erythropoiesis and iron metabolism. Methods: Sixty-five CKD patients divided in two groups, included 30 hemodialyses (HD) and 35 without hemodialysis (non-HD) CKD patients, were compared to 25 healthy voluntaries matched by gender and age enrolled in the current study. Serum ERFE level was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Serum ERFE level was significantly elevated in HD patients median (IQR) about 17.25 (13.4) ng/mL, odds ratio (OR = 10.161), (AUC 0.996) greater than CKD 4(6.1) ng/ml, (OR = 6.295), (AUC = 0.984) p<0.001; also, these are positively correlated with the use of ESA in HD, and CKD (r = 1.00 and r = 0.95) respectively as compared to healthy group 2(2.1) ng/ml. Serum ERFE levels were significantly negative (p<0.05) in both CKD and HD patients related to GFR (r = -0.396, and r = -0.68), transferrin saturation (TS%) (r = -0.842, and r = -0.877), serum levels of Ferritin (r = -0.865 and r = - 0.866), and Iron (r = -0.860, and r = -0.851), RBC (r = -0.841, and r = -0.843), hemoglobin (Hb) (r = -0.758, and r = -0.796). Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that elevated serum ERFE levels associated with erythropoietic activity and anemia are higher in CKD with HD and non -HD patients treated with ESA than in non- ESA patients. This study suggested using ERFE as a successful tool for erythropoietic activity inspection in CKD, especially those taking ESAs to treat anemia.

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