حسام مطشر زان العماري

Nursing profession is a very stressful profession and mounting evidence indicates that it may be on the rise in death and dying, conflict with physicians, inadequate emotional preparation, problems relating to peers, problems relating to supervisors, workload, uncertainty concerning treatments, 8) patients and families and, discrimination especially among nurses who work in emergency department nursing

Objectives of the study to evaluate the effectiveness of educational program on Primary School Teachers' knowledge and attitudes toward CD. Methodology A Quasi-experimental study is carried out through the application of pre-trail and post-trail in groups (experimental and control) from the period 23rd September 2022 to 23nd July 2023 through the implementation of the educational program upon primary school teachers' in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf city. A total of 70 primary school teachers are selected by a ''non-probability'' (Convenience) sample.

Background: Emergency department (ED) nursing is a special type of nursing. In addition to the stressors that nurses face such as workload, dealing with different patients, role conflicts, lack of support, and domestic work struggles, many correlational and longitudinal studies have confirmed that chronic stress can lead to impaired immune function.

sychological distress is the period that originate significant stress in students' lives and has been found to growth their distress, often It often occurs during the transition to college in which stressors are linked to life transitions and the resulting distress appears to impede academic life and reduce self-confidence as a result Psychological distress is prevalent throughout the world, and characteristics of psychological distress include despair about the future, lack of enthusiasm, and symptoms of anxiety

Eating disorders are “a behavioral cognition characterized by severe and persistent disturbance in eating behaviors and associated distressing thoughts and emotions and it's are the most severe psychiatric disorders where Undergraduate students are highest among the groups who suffer from high levels of stress and have the most risk of fatigue and mental health problems, including eating disorders

Coping with stress is essential to survival and wellbeing and it has been identified as a stabilization component which may aid an individual in psychological adaption throughout high stress situations; in addition to dealing to stressful situations, students must manage with educational pressures. Aims: The study aims to assess the students' coping mechanisms by using the brief cope inventory.

Stress is a significant problem for college students that can lead to poor academic performance, anxiety, depression, and other serious health outcomes. However, this stress can be mitigated by coping skills implemented by students. Aims: The study aims to assess the students' level of stress by using perceived stress scale.

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the common emotional, cognitive and behavioral disorder in primary school children and it affects on children socially and academically, welfare . an important role in identify of AD/HD due to their daily contact with students in a range of related situations. Basically, elementary school teachers’ need to Knowledge and enhance their positive attitude on pupils with ADHD to create a positive learning environment.

The child is one of the most important assets of the nation, the future of mankind, the source of its true power, the promotion and enhancement of the child's life and welfare is also anchored on the moral supervision and support given by his parents or guardians in order for a child to succeed, parents exert a lot of influence on their child's cognitive development in the early years, the investigator made an insight into the aim of the study as follows: To determine the effectiveness of the teaching program on teachers knowledge. The study was conducted on at governmental primary schools in Al-Najaf City/ Iraq.

Abstract: OBJECTIVES: We tested whether C-reactive protein and lipid profile might be associated with suicide attempts in subjects with major depressive disorder, after controlling for relevant individual characteristics. DESIGN AND METHODS: Plasma levels of C-reactive protein and lipid profile; as well as Total Cholesterol (TC), and Triglyceride (TG), were determined in 60 patients meeting DSM-IV criteria for Major depression (22 suicidal attempters and 38 patients without suicidal behavior), and 30 healthy controls. Study participants were evaluated using Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the Beck’s Suicidal Ideation Scale. RESULTS: At univariate analyses, plasma level of C-reactive protein was significantly higher in suicide attempters (SA) than non-suicidal attempter depressed patients (NSA) and healthy control (p<0.05), while the plasma level of TC among SA were significantly lower than those NSA or healthy control subjects (p<0.05). Also, TG level was significantly higher in both SA and NSA (p=0.009 and p<0.001 respectively) compared with healthy control. After adjustment of potential confounders, suicide attempters were still had significantly lower levels for TC than NSA. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support the hypothesis that CRP, and TG are associated with suicide attempts in patients with major depressive disorder. The identification of valid and accessible biological markers of suicidal behaviors still represents a challenge for future research. Keywords: Depression, Suicide, CRP, Lipid

This study tested whether interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interferon-gamma (INF-γ) levels, as well as lipid pro¦le, are associated with suicide attempts in adult patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), after controlling for related confounding factors. Plasma levels of IL-6 and INF-γ and lipid pro¦le, including total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), and high-density lipoproteins, were measured in 60 patients meeting criteria of the ¦fth version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders for Major Depression (22 patients who attempted suicide and 38 patients who did not attempt suicide) and 30 healthy controls. Study participants were evaluated using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the Beck's Suicidal Ideation Scale. Based on univariate analyses, IL-6, INF-γ, and TG plasma levels were signi¦cantly higher in both groups of depressed patients than healthy controls (P < 0.05), whereas TC and LDLs of patients who attempted suicide were signi¦cantly lower than patients who did not attempt suicide and healthy controls (P < 0.05). After adjusting for potential confounders, TC and LDLs were still signi¦cantly lower in patients who attempted suicide. With the exception of TC and LDLs, our ¦ndings do not support the hypothesis that IL-6 and INF-γ levels and lipid pro¦le are associated with suicide attempts in adult patients with MDD. Identifying effective biological markers in patients who attempt suicide remains a challenge for future research

ABSTRACT: The present evaluations give a sign of the quantities of individuals matured 60 years and over with dementia worldwide and in various world locales. Dementia is a syndrome, which is progressive in nature. In dementia deterioration in memory, thinking and behavior of the patient occurs. In other words, it affects the memory, thinking, orientation, communication, comprehension, calculation, learning capacity, language and judgment of patients. However, the consciousness of dementia patients is not affected

Background: The first clinical experience for nursing students can be tense. The students expressed feelings of irritability, an irrational , intense, persistent fear of a specific object or social situation that cause extreme distress and concern due to reasons such as not being ready for clinical experience, thinking they have inadequate clinical skills, unsupportive health professional staff and clinical learning environment, concerns over patient safety. [1] Objective (s): To determine the level phobia, CBC, epinephrine and nor-epinephrine .To investigate the association of phobia with CBC, epinephrine and nor-epinephrine and identify the relationship of phobia with CBC, epinephrine and nor-epinephrine.Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive approach was designed to investigate the adrenaline, non-adrenaline level, Complete Blood Counts, and their association with phobia, in apparently healthy nursing students before and after first clinical experience by using Enzyme Linked Immuno-sorbent Assay (ELIZA) technique and utilizing self-report questionnaire. The period of the study is from January / 2017 to March / 2017.Results: The current study was determined that the majority of age group at age category ≤20 by about (84.5%). Concern to gender, female was more than male (77.5%) and (22.5%) respectively. The education was mostly secondary school (97.2%). Additionally, urban was more than rural (78.9%) and (21.1%) respectively. For martial status, single more than married (94.4%). The studied group were can mostly enough income (54.9%). Additionally, the mean and standard deviation of blood tests and hormone level were different before & after first clinical practice of the nursing student. The statistical results were significant for WBC, HB and highly significant for LYM, RBC, MCP, MCHC, PLT, Adrenaline and nor-adrenaline. The levels of all above blood tests parameters were slightly decrease except adrenaline and nor adrenaline where increase, however these results were statistically significant. The phobia was increased after first clinical practice by about (57.7%). The statistical result was significant at (P-value=0.03%). Conclusions: The present study concluded that the phobia state in nursing students with first clinical experience had elevated phobia level and increase hormonal level (Adrenaline and nor-adrenaline) and decrease blood cells production when phobia increased.

The first clinical experience for nursing students can be stressful. The students expressed feelings of irritability, distress and concern due to reasons such as not being ready for clinical experience, thinking they have inadequate clinical skills, unsupportive health professional staff and clinical learning environment, concerns over patient safety. Objectives: To identify the level of adrenaline, nor adrenaline and complete blood count among the nursing students before and after their first clinical experiences; to identify the level of stress among the nursing students before and after their first clinical experiences and to determine association among stress, complete blood count, adrenaline and nor adrenaline hormonal level. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive and quasi-experimental design was designed to investigate the adrenaline, non-adrenaline level, Complete Blood Counts, and their association with stress in nursing students before and after the first clinical experience by using Enzyme Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA) technique and utilizing self-report questionnaire. A non-probability sample (Convenience) of (71) students was taken in present study. The period of the study is from January / 2017 to March / 2017. Results: The current study was determined that the majority of the age group at age category <=20 by about (84.5%). Regardless of gender, female was more than male (77.5% and 22.5%) respectively. The level of education was mostly at secondary school (97.2%). Additionally, urban was more than rural (78.9% and 21.1%) respectively and the studied group was mostly enough income (54.9%). For marital status, single more than married (94.4%). Furthermore, the mean and standard deviation of blood tests and hormones level were different before and after the first clinical practice of the nursing students. The statistical results were significant for White blood cells (WBCs), and Hemoglobin (Hb), while highly significant for Lymphocytes (LYM), Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), Red blood cells (RBC), Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), Platelets (PLT), Adrenaline and nor-adrenaline. The levels of all above blood test parameters were slightly decreased except adrenaline and nor adrenaline where increase, however these results were statistically significant. The stress was increased after first clinical practice by about (57.7%). However the statistical result was significant (P-value=0.03%). Conclusion: The study concluded that the stress state in nursing students was affected by the first clinical experience and increase hormonal level (Adrenaline and nor-adrenaline) and decrease blood cell count when stress increased.

The aims of this study is to measure mental distress among internally displaced persons through descriptive design. The study was conducted from the period 4th of December to 15th February of 2016. The findings of present study presented that the majority of sample ranging from 19- 41 (74.9% ). Concerning gender the sample approximately has equal proportion male and female. More than half 53.2 % of sample were married. A bout one third of sample were with secondary school and most of the sample had insufficient income 94.1. The study concludes that people who lived on their own different levels of violence while they were in their areas as well as the failure of the governmental and humanitarian organizations in providing economic support that meets their basic needs, creates a state of terror and panic of the unknown fate led to the creation of mental distress among them. The present study recommended the agencies and organizations working in the humanitarian field should focus on the aspects of safety and dignity and frighten suffering and livelihoods that enhance stabilization, psychological and mental integrity among peoples who exposed to humanitarian disasters, wars and crises that lead to their displacement from their land.

To identify level of depression for sixth class of secondary school. To identify the effect of depression learning status. To determine the reason that lead to depression. A cross sectional study was conducted from 11th December, 2014 up to 10th march, 2015 in order to study incidence of depression among sixth class of secondary school students in al-najaf city. The study was carried out in the secondary schools ( Khaurnq, Sidrat Almuntaha, Kufa, Najaf, Muslim Ibn Aqil, Sheikh al mufeed , aminh al sadeer, al ameer, Lathiqia) at AL-Najaf city. a questionnaire format was designed and constructed by researchers to achieve objective the study . the questionnaire format consisted of two parts the part 1 socio demographic characters sheet consist of 4 items which include age ,gander ,parents occupation ,parents education level, residence. Part 2 include 10 items related to depression, not at all 1, several day 2 ,more than half the 3, nearly every day 4. A randomized sample of 150 students were collected from 10 secondary schools with range 15 students from each school. The present study found that the depression scale of more than half the days were increased and highest within the secondary sixth class students at age <= 18 years while the lowest depression scale more than half the days highly significant differences. The depression scale within the males sample was higher than females with high significant. The study shows there was no significant difference of depression scale within other socio-demographic characteristic. The study should be conducted on large population within more duration time of interviewing to have the best and accurate results. Using a health education program within the questionnaire format during student's interview

Objective (s): Descriptive analytical study was conducted on a purposive sample of 128 failed students at intermediate and secondary schools to identify the impact of fear and anxiety on students failure at end classes. Setting of the study: The present study was carried out in 2 intermediate and 2 secondary schools in Baghdad in Al-Russafa and Al- Kark sector in period between 4th of December 2011 to 15th of March 2012. The Study Instrument: A questionnaire was composed of two parts and introductory page that invite the subjects to participate in the study Part I:socio-demographic characteristics Part II: consist two standard scales for fear and anxiety Statistical analysis: The researcher used statistical methods in the data analysis which include descriptive data analysis: (Frequencies, Percentage, Mean, and Standard Deviation Inferential data analysis: (Independent sample t tests, and Persons Correlation Coefficient) Results: the findings of present study presented that the majority of students were females at 14- 17 years old (56.2%), 51.6% of failed students at secondary classes with one year failure in their class, and there were not significant relationship between examination fear and anxiety with students failure years at P≤0.05 level. Recommendation: The researcher recommends to study another related variables that may have an impact on the failing of the students to improve scientific level of the students of final stages.

episodes of sadness to a full blower illness requiring psychiatric intervention. Objective (s): To assess depressive symptoms among the elderly residents in nursing homes in Al- Najaf city. As well as to find out the relationship between the depressive symptoms and socio-demographic characteristics. Materials and methods: A descriptive-analytic study is carried out at nursing home residence in Al - Najaf city from Nov 1st , 2013 toMay6th ,2014.A non-probability (convenience) sample of (30) elderly, were included in the study. The data are collected, by direct interview with each individual consists of two parts: First part socio-demographic data form that consist 9-items; two part Geriatric Depression Scale- Short Version. (GDS-15). Results: The study shows elderly depression distributed differently among Geriatric Depression Scale(14) 46.7 % mild depression and (12) 40% had high depression. Also the study indicate that is no significant relation between variables and the depression symptoms. Conclusion: The elderly suffering from mild depression according to the Geriatric Depression Scale.

Objectives: Nurses play a crucial role in maintaining patient privacy within health care settings. Their knowledge and attitudes towards these principles greatly impact patients' confidence and the quality of care provided. Therefore, the study aimed to assess nurses knowledge towards patients privacy and confidentiality. Method: A descriptive correlational study design conducted in the AL-Najaf Teaching Hospitals for the period from February 11th , 2024 to June 15th, 2024. The study sample consisted of 350 nurses who were selected according to the non-probability sampling method. The total number of items included in the questionnaire was 12 items for privacy knowledge and 15 items for confidentiality knowledge. The questionnaire was validated by experts and its reliability was verified by a pilot study. Data was collected through interviews and analyzed by applying descriptive and inferential statistics.

Background: Hemodialysis is a widespread health problem that affects people of all groups, including... People with chronic diseases represent a major global public health concern. this study focuses on recent developments in our understanding of trends and relevant risk factors for people suffering from HD renal failure and coping strategies. While HD is among the main causes of... Deaths in many Western countries were, until recently, a very common phenomenon in eastern countries. Our study, conducted from November 2023 to April 2024, aims to explore trends in coping strategies and adaptation to hemodialysis HD.

University students are at a heightened risk of using cognitive enhancers and psychoactive substances, and this risk is further exacerbated by the presence of depression, which negatively impacts academic performance and increases the likelihood of substance misuse. In Iraq, the use of cognitive enhancers and psychoactive substances has grown in the past decade due to sociopolitical factors

Background: Measles is a highly contagious disease and it is one of leading causes of death among young children. In Iraq, extensive efforts are in place to achieve measles elimination but still sporadic cases and limited outbreaks continued to occur. Aim of the study: to describe epidemiological characteristics of under five years measles cases and determine the risk factors of measles in Al Najaf Al Ashraf province, Iraq, 2006-2018.

Objective(s): The aim of this study is to assess the impact of social phobia upon self-esteem of nursing collegians. Methodology: A Cross-sectional study is carried out at University of Baghdad, Karkuk, Thi-Qar, and Kufa, colleges of nursing from Feb 8