Husham Qassim Mohammed Al-noweny

Abstract Renal replacement therapy is a treatment option for people who have acute or chronic renal failure. A patient with increasing symptoms of renal failure is referred to a dialysis and transplantation center early in the course of progressive kidney disease. Hemodialysis is one of the most widely used dialysis procedures. Muscle cramps are the most common complication experienced by hemodialysis patients that usually develop during and in between hemodialysis therapy. These cramps appear to be the most common reason for the early termination of the hemodialysis session. Study Design: Pretest-posttest non-blind randomized controlled trial has been used in the present study to evaluate the effectiveness of Intradialytic stretching exercises on the leg muscle cramps among patients undergoing hemodialysis, from the period of September 5th, 2020 to March 22nd, 2021. Study Sample: Non-probability purposive Sample of 60 patients undergoing hemodialysis. The sample is divided randomly into two groups; 30 patients as the study group and the other 30 as the control group. The setting of the study: The study is conducted in Al-Najaf City/Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf Health Directorate / Al-Sadder Medical City / The specialized center for kidney diseases and transplantation / Hemodialysis Unit. Result: The study result signifies that the level of muscle cramps improved significantly among the study group participants compared with control group.

Objectives: The study objectives to detect the effect of angioplasty upon lung functions among Patients with ischemic heart disease and to find out the relationship between the patients lung functions and their demographic and clinical characteristics. Methodology: A descriptive (correlation) design was conducted on the at Al- Najaf center for cardiac surgery and catheterization. Starting from 1st April 2019 to 1st October 2019. In order to detect the effect of angioplasty on lung function among of patient with ischemic heart disease. A non-probability (purposive) sample of (52) patients, those who admitted to angioplasty unit and coronary care unit without any respiratory diseases. Patients were ischemic heart disease. The patients’ demographic and clinical data collected through the utilization the semi-structured questionnaire and by means of interview technique with the subject, while the pulmonary functions test collected by using spirometer instrument. Data was analyzed by using descriptive statistic (percentage and Frequencies) and inferential (person s correlation coefficient, independent sample t-test, and paired t-test). Results: The results shows that there is a high significant relationship between the pulmonary functions pre and post cardiac catheterization, and most the patients with low PFTs post angioplasty. Conclusions: The present study recommended the nurses whose work at the open Heart Center should teach the patient undergoing cardiac catheterization breathing exercises to increase the lung capacity as particular and the respiratory system as general and the patient should be given oxygen for at least 60 minutes before and after cardiac catheterization to ensure an increase in the oxygen level and perfusion in the body tissues.

: Diet contamination is a common and budding public health problem, in all countries. However, this problem has more impact on health and economy in developing countries than in developed countries but unswerving data is not available According to the World Health Organization the global incidence of illnesses is difficult to estimate, but it has been reported that in 2005 alone 1.8 million persons died from diarrheal diseases. Objective: The study aims to assess the students' knowledge and attitude of student of medical group faculties about food poisoning and to find out an association between student knowledge, attitude and their demographic characteristics. Methodology: The study is designed across –sectional study descriptive design carried out from October 2017- 20 jan18, Simple a random cluster sample collecting 200-student male and female in Kufa University. Result: The study samples are male (47%) and female (53%). The association between students' knowledge and socio-demographic characteristics the result indicated that significant relationship between attitude and stage of the study at p-value (0.05). Conclusion: Results of the study confirmed that most of the students ages ranged from 22-23 years and the majority of the study sample resident in city, family income that most of them fair sufficient income and most students living in Najaf, according the overall assessment of student knowledge about food poisoning more than half study sample with poor knowledge, the study concluded in overall assessment of Students' attitude about the food poisoning the majority the study sample with fair attitude. Recommendation: The study recommended; many study should be doing to covers a wide geographic area. conduct research to include a comparison between the private and public universities. university students should be educated by professional educators about food safety for them to get adequate nutrition. In this way, at the end of introduction of food safety which is one of the important steps of adequate nutrition from family to society, many health problems can be prevented.

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to determine the relationship between the addition of Glutathione to sperm freezing medium and cryosurvival rate of sperm motility and viability in asthenozoospermic patients . Methodology : fifty nine semen samples of asthenozoospermic patients were obtained from the male partner of infertile couples attending the fertility center of al-sadder medical teaching city in Al-Najaf during the period 1st October 2016 until 1st March 2017. Each semen sample was divided into four equal parts , volume of each part is 0.5 ml : first part ( before activation ) , second part ( after activation ) ,third part (cryopreservation with sperm freezing medium for one month) , and fourth part (cryopreservation with sperm freezing medium plus glutathione for one month ) . Sperm concentration , sperm progressive motility, sperm viability and sperm normal morphology were counted in first two parts , cryosurvival rate of sperm motility, viability was counted in third and fourth parts . Statistical analysis of the study performed by using Independent t-test and paired test to assess the differences between two groups . Results: After sperm activation by using the swim up technique ,the study results showed significant increase ( P < 0.01 ) of progressive sperm motility , normal sperm morphology and sperm viability , while there were a significant decrease (P < 0.01 ) of sperm concentration . cryosurvival rate of sperm motility and viability were significant decrease ( p < 0.01 ) after cryopreservation and thawing processes while the results were revealed significant improvement in cryosurvival rate of sperm motility , and viability ( p < 0.01 ) after the addition of glutathione to the sperm freezing medium. Conclusion: it can concluded from this study that addition of glutathione to sperm freeze medium improves ( p < 0.01 ) cryosurvival rate of sperm motility and viability during cryopreservation and thawing processes .

ABSTRACT Recently, a great attention has been paid to the role of hormones as a diagnostic too in the evaluation of female infertility . The purpose of this study was to identify the association between female infertility and hormonal imbalance (FSH, LH and Prolactin) and what is the relationship between these hormones and the woman's socio- demographic and clinical characteristics. The study was carried out at the Fertility Center in Al-Sadr Medical City, which is located in Najaf province, Iraq, during the period from Dec, 2014 to Apr, 2015. The study involved (44) infertile women who attended the Fertility Center. In accordance to the socio-demographic data, the majority of the studies women were from urban regions (81.18%), while all them were housewives. The clinical history revealed a relatively high percentage (56.82%) of vaginitis, and UTI (50%) among the studies women, while most of them were either overweight (40.91%) or obese (22.73%). The results showed that the majority of studies women had normal hormonal levels according to the standard reference limits for FSH, LH and Prolactin. The study also showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the level of FSH and the age of the studies infertile women. It was concluded that hormonal imbalance for (LH, FSH and prolactin) is just a minor suspected etiologic factor in causing infertility in the studies women the level of FSH increases with age, while the level of prolactin slightly decreases with age. It was recommended to achieve a comprehensive case-control study for evaluating hormonal imbalance of (FSH, LH, prolactin, estrogens, progesterone, thyroid and inhibit) hormones in the infertile women

Abstract Most macroscopic parameters indicate accessory gland dysfunctions or congenital defects , which may also effect sperm chromatin status by increasing oxidative stress and apoptosis . The current study aimed to find out the possible relationship between sperm chromatin status and the parameters of macroscopic semen examination . This study was carried out between June 1st. 2014 and November 1st. 2014 including one hundred (100) selected infertile men who was treated at the Fertility Center in Al-Sadr Medical City in Al-Najaf Province . The study also included twenty (20) healthy fertile volunteers as a control . Aniline blue (AB) staining was used to differentiate between normal condensed chromatin (unstained) and abnormal decondensed chromatin (blue), while toluidine blue (TB) was used to differentiate between normal intact sperm DNA (blue) and abnormal damaged sperm DNA (purple) . Abnormal macroscopic semen parameters (except semen appearance and pH) and abnormal sperm chromatin status were seen to be increased in significant levels in the infertile group as compared to fertile men (control) . The results also revealed that there was a high significant negative correlation (p<0.01) between both sperm chromatin decondensation and sperm DNA damage and each of ejaculate volume, liquefaction time, and a positive association with semen viscosity , while no relationship was observed with semen appearance and pH . The study concluded that abnormal semen macroscopic parameters may indicate sperm DNA fragmentation or chromatin decondensation . It is recommended that aniline blue and toluidine blue staining are used to assess sperm DNA fragmentation or chromatin decondensation when bad macroscopic parameters are noticed in the first part of seminal fluid analysis .

Abstract: Objective: The study aimed to study the effect antioxidant Glutathione adding to sperm Freezing Media ( Sperm Freeze) on Sperm Parameters and Malondialdehyde concentration and abnormal sperm chromatin percent of Oligozoospermic patients Methodology: This study was performed in the laboratory of Intra cytoplasmic Injection and freezing of sperm in the fertility center of Al-Sader Medical City / Al-najaf Alashraf City during the period from May, 2012 to April 2013 , The study included 30 of Oligozoospermic patients, the statistical analysis of this study performed by using Student's t – test and paired t – test at the level of probability 0.05 Results: The study results shows that used of sperm Freezing Media ( Sperm Freeze) with adding of 1 mm from antioxidant Glutathione leads to a significant difference (p<0.05) in sperm parameters of study included patients , there was a significant increase (p<0.05) in the sperm progressive motility percent and sperm viability percent ,and there was a significant decrease (p<0.05) In The Malondialdehyde concentration and abnormal sperm chromatin percent and no significant difference (p<0.05) In the sperm concentration, normal sperm morphology percent and round cell concentration In comparison with their Means when used of sperm freezing media ( Sperm Freeze) alone . Conclusion: It can be concluded from this study that sperm rapid freezing and thawing processes had a negative effect on the semen and sperm parameters and Malondialdehyde concentration and abnormal sperm chromatin percent in all samples of study included patients and adding of 1 mm from antioxidant Glutathione shows resistance to this negative effect leads to a significant increase (p<0.05) In the studying parameters . Recommendation: using of antioxidant Glutathione with sperm Freezing Media (Sperm Freeze) in sperm cryopreservation processes

Objective : The study aimed to study the effect of rapid freezing and thawing on Malondialdehyde concentration and abnormal sperm chromatin percent and sperm parameters of Asthenozoospermic patients Methodology : This study was performed in the laboratory of Intra cytoplasmic Injection and freezing of sperm in the fertility center of Al-Sader Medical City / Al-najaf Alashraf City during the period from May, 2012 to April 2013 , The study included 30 of Asthenozoospermic patients, the statistical analysis of this study performed by using Student's t – test and paired t – test at the level of probability 0.05 Results : the results showed that is sperm rapid freezing process of patients who were Included in the study by used sperm freezing media ( Sperm Freeze) and doing the thawing processes after one month From freezing leads to a significant decreasing (p<0.05) In the sperm concentration, sperm progressive motility percent, sperm viability percent and normal sperm morphology percent. and a significant increasing (p<0.05) In The Malondialdehyde concentration and abnormal Sperm chromatin percent and no significant difference(p<0.05) In round Cell concentration in comparison with their ranges after activation Conclusion : It can be concluded From this study that sperm rapid freezing and thawing processes had a negative effects on the semen and sperm parameters and Malondialdehyde concentration and abnormal sperm chromatin percent In the all samples of study included patients . Recommendation: Adding Anti oxidants to the sperm freezing media to decrease the negative effects of freezing and increase the sperm parameters .