Hawra'a Ghannam Abdul-Hussien Alnassar

Abstract Stroke is a major cause of mortality worldwide and commonly occurs among elderly, and between all the neurologic diseases of adult life, stroke ranks first in frequency and importance. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was adapted to assess the impact of stroke in the current study to achieve the early stated objectives, the study started from February 10th 2019 to May 22nd 2019. A non-probability (purposive) sample of (92) patients who found in Middle Euphrates Neuroscience Center. Results: The results show that the most of participant age groups are more than 50 years old (93.5%), and (60.9%) of them are females, also(58.7%) of the subjects are illiterate. And (69.6%) of them had barley sufficient monthly income, (72.8%) of the participants are living in urban areas. The majority of the study sample (85.9%) are married,while after stroke, the results show that the most of study sample(96.7%)have no change in their marital status. Concerning occupational status,about (53.3%) are housewives, while (50%) of the participants lost their job after stroke. The results also show that the all patients are affected by stroke, three-quarter of them arehighly affected and the fourth quarter are moderately affected, because the health institutions lack many specialist rehabilitation centers and physiotherapists. Conclusion: The study confirmed that all patients involved were affected by the stroke .

chronic liver disease (CLD) is growing annually and increases the mortality and morbidity in the world. It also a complex disease that determines of the human effective especially in the middle of ages and young people. In the recent decade, the number of people with the disease had increased about 550 million people worldwide because of viral infections alone, and the number rises when adding the rest of the other causes of the disease such as fatty liver disease, alcohol, immune diseases, metabolic disorders and cholestasis disease.

End stage renal disease (ESRD) is the complete or almost complete failure of the kidneys to function at a level that is necessary for day to day life. In ESRD, renal failure has progressed to the point where kidney function is less than ten percent of normal. End stage renal disease is increasing worldwide at an annual growth rate of 8% and millions of people around the world suffer from this disease. A Descriptive Correlational Design is used through the present study in order to : assess patients' self-care and self-efficacy after end stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis, determine the association between patients' self-care and self-efficacy, and find out the relationship between the patients' self-care and self-efficacy and their demographic and clinical data. The period of the study is from 20th September 2016 to 28th August 2017. A Non-Probability (Purposive Sample) of (120) end stage renal disease patients who had already been on hemodialysis, are included in the study. The data are collected through the utilization of the developed questionnaire by using an interview technique after the estimation of the validity and reliability of the study instrument. The validity of the questionnaire is determined through (15) experts from different specialties (Face Validity), and the reliability through using the Alpha Cronbach’s technique for reviewing the study instrument. The data are analyzed through using of the descriptive and inferential statistical analysis approaches. The findings of the present study indicate that the overall assessment of patients' responses to both of the universal self-care and self-care related to health deviation domain items is independent. Additionally, the study results reveal that the overall assessment of patients' responses to self-efficacy domain items is fair. Moreover, there is a highly significant correlation between (patient's universal self-care domains) and (patient's self-efficacy domains). The study concludes that the levels of self-care and self-efficacy of the end stage renal disease patients undergoing hemodialysis are less than ideal and there is a direct effect of patients' universal self-care on their self-efficacy. The study recommends that further studies should be carried out to improve and explore effective methods to improve hemodialysis patients’ self-care and self-efficacy. In addition, enhancing of self-care and self-efficacy through programs that include elements of training, support, encouragement, positive personal experiences, and modeling. Such programs may have long-term benefits for individuals with CKD.

Epilepsy is defined as a hypersynchronous discharge of a group of neurons at the level of the cerebral cortex, and is expressed through sudden changes in behavior, whose clinical manifestations depend on the site of origin and the cerebral topographic path performed by the brain discharge during its propagation. A Descriptive CrossSectional Design is used through the present study in order to : assess the quality of life in patients with epilepsy, and to find out the relationship between patients; quality of life and their demographic and clinical data. The period of the study is from 8th January 2019 to 28th May 2019. A Non-Probability (Purposive Sample) of (31) of epileptic patients, are included in the study. The data were collected through the utilization of the developed questionnaire using an interview technique after the estimation of the validity and reliability of the study instrument. Reliability of the questionnaire is determined by using the Alpha Cronbach’s technique, and the validity through (15) experts from different specialties (Face Validity) for reviewing the study instrument. The data was analyzed through using of the descriptive and inferential statistical analysis approaches. The findings of the present study indicate that the overall assessment of patients' responses to the quality of life for patients with epilepsy scale items is (fail), that there is a highly significant correlation between the quality of life for patients with epilepsy and their (age). The study concludes that the level of quality of life of patients with epilepsy is poor. The study recommends that further studies should be carried out to improve and explore effective methods to improve the quality of life of patients of people with epilepsy, and health education programs should be applied to increase the patients' knowledge regarding how to improve their sense of control and the factors affecting their abilities

Background: risk factors for HCV, HBV transmission are blood transfusions and surgeries before 1992, intravenous drug use, contaminated parenteral drugs and other invasive non-medical procedures (tattooing, piercing). Based on these risk factors, high-risk groups are: multiramified patients (i.e., hemophiliacs), health personnel, intravenous drug users, inmates, individuals with high-risk sexual behaviors (early sex life, high number of sexual partners and prostitution). Other populations at risk are patients on extracorporeal circulation system, such as end-stage kidney disease patients on hemodialysis program.

Background: ulcerative colitis is emerging as a worldwide epidemic, with prevalence of around 1% in North America and some European countries, and a rapid increase in incidence reported in Asia, China and Australasia. A number of recent reports and publications point to the burden that this rising tide of ulcerative colitis is imposing on patients, healthcare services and society (Panés et al., 2014). Study aims to assess self-care among patients with ulcerative colitis disease and its relationship with their demographic data.. Methodology: : a descriptive study design was conducted at Al-Najaf city in the southern region of Iraq in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf Health Directorate/ Specialized Hospital for Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease and Surgery from February 20th, 2023, to May 21th, 2023, in order to assess self-care among ulcerative colitis patients. The methodological strategies for data collection used an assessment questionnaire survey Results: As the study shows, that the total responses of patients to universal self-care is moderate. Conclusion: the study concludes that the level of patients' self-care is moderate, besides, patients' gender and occupation affect their universal self-care level. -Recommendations: health education programs should be applied to increase the patients' knowledge regarding how to improve their self-care and factors that affecting their self-care abilities. Background: ulcerative colitis is emerging as a worldwide epidemic, with prevalence of around 1% in North America and some European countries, and a rapid increase in incidence reported in Asia, China and Australasia. A number of recent reports and publications point to the burden that this rising tide of ulcerative colitis is imposing on patients, healthcare services and society (Panés et al., 2014). Study aims to assess self-care among patients with ulcerative colitis disease and its relationship with their demographic data.. Methodology: : a descriptive study design was conducted at Al-Najaf city in the southern region of Iraq in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf Health Directorate/ Specialized Hospital for Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease and Surgery from February 20th, 2023, to May 21th, 2023, in order to assess self-care among ulcerative colitis patients. The methodological strategies for data collection used an assessment questionnaire survey Results: As the study shows, that the total responses of patients to universal self-care is moderate. Conclusion: the study concludes that the level of patients' self-care is moderate, besides, patients' gender and occupation affect their universal self-care level. -Recommendations: health education programs should be applied to increase the patients' knowledge regarding how to improve their self-care and factors that affecting their self-care abilities.