Physiological and Immunological Profiles in Papillary Thyroid Cancer: Diagnostic Relevance of TSH, T3, T4, and Immunological Biomarkers CK-19 and Gal-3 in Serum Women Patients
الباحث الأول:
Fahad Najd Obaid
الباحثين الآخرين:
Haider Salih Jaffat
المجلة:
African journal of biomedical research
تاريخ النشر:
17 نوفمبر، 2025
مختصر البحث:
Abstract
Background: Thyroid gland is an essential endocrine gland that secretes hormones that control growth, development, and metabolic activities. The need for better detection techniques is highlighted by the rise in thyroid cancer incidence in…
Abstract
Background: Thyroid gland is an essential endocrine gland that secretes hormones that control growth, development, and metabolic activities. The need for better detection techniques is highlighted by the rise in thyroid cancer incidence in recent years. Current techniques, such as imaging and hormonal evaluations, are useful, but they frequently don't have enough sensitivity for early identification. Advanced blood biomarkers like CK-19 and Gal-3, as well as hormonal thyroid function tests like T3, T4, and TSH, may improve diagnosis accuracy and offer chances for early management.
Material and Method: A total of 60 blood samples of patients of women with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) between ages 20 and 50 years were collected from patients, which were divided into 40 women who were given treatment and 20 women who did not take any treatment; they were all collected from the laboratory of the National Hospital for Oncology and Blood Diseases in Najaf Governorate. Also, thirty samples were collected from healthy women between ages 20 and 48 years from students of the University of Altoosi/Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques in Najaf Governorate. serum was used for estimation immunological biomarkers, such as Gal-3and CK-19 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and estimation T3, T4 and TSH by Mini VIDAS analyzer.
Results: Results was showed PTC patients under treatment showed elevated thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroxin (T4) levels but, lower triiodothyronine (T3) significantly at p-values ≤ 0.05 when compared to untreated patients and healthy women. Resulted also was showed the untreated patients' group had significantly higher levels of in cytokeratin-19 (CK-19), and galectin-3 (Gal-3) at p-values ≤ 0.05 when compared to the control group (healthy women) and the treated patients' group with papillary thyroid cancer.
Conclusions: TSH, T4, and T3 are ineffective as standalone diagnostic markers for PTC, therefore depending on just these hormonal biomarkers is insufficient for accurate diagnosis, and additional biomarkers such as CK-19 and Gal-3 are necessary for effective screening and diagnosis of papillary thyroid cancer in women.
