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using a needle inserted under the depressed scar. The process introducing a hypodermic needle just under the dermis to release fibrous attachments tethering the epidermis and dermis to the subcutis Platelets are known to release a variety of factors on activation. These factors have a positive effect on tissue repair. ropolis is a strong adhesive resinous substance collected, transformed & used by bees to seal holes in their honeycombs, smooth out the internal walls & protect the entrance against intruders. The fur of 3 round areas of 3cm in diameter at the back of animals were depilated by the using of depilatory cream, then the operative field were properly draped by sterilized towels, the animals undergoes microderabrasion to remove the stratum corneum in the treatment area, to prepare the skin surface for treatment with PRP & propolis. the treatment area undergoes nappage via roller system therapy to produce 0.5mm depth microscopic channels thru the epidermis. More fibroblast cells and more regular collagen bundles in experimental groups in comparing to the control group

Dental implant is an artificial tooth root fixed into the jaws to hold a replacement tooth or bridge. Functional surface modifications by organic material such as amelogenin/propolis coating seem to enhance early periimplant bone formation. The aim of the study was to evaluate the expression of osteocalcin as bone formation markers in amelogenin/propolis coated and uncoated implant in interval periods(1,2 and 4 weeks). Commercially pure Titanium(cpTi) implants, coated with amelogenin/ propolis, were placed in the tibias of 30 New Zealand white rabbits, histological and immunohistochemical tests for detection of expression of osteocalcin were performed on all the implants of both control and experimental groups for (1,2 and 4 weeks) healing intervals. Histological finding for coated titanium implant with amelogenin/ propolis illustrated an early bone formation, mineralization and maturation in comparison to control. Immunohistochemical finding showed that positive reaction for osteocalcin was expressed by osteoblast cells (OB)at implants coated with amelogenin/ propolis, indicating that bone formation &maturation was accelerated by adding biological materials as a modification modality of implant surface. The present study concludes that coating of implants with amelogenin/ propolis showed increment in osseointegration in short interval period. Keywords: amelogenin, propolis, dental implant, biochemical bone markers, osteocalcin and osseointegration

Eruption is defined as the movement of the tooth from its site of development in alveolar bone to the occlusal plane in the oral cavity.The tooth eruption is a complex and tightly regulated process which is divided into five stages The ABO blood group was discovered in 1900 by Austrian scientist, Karl Landsteiner. At present. The ABO blood group system consists of four antigens (A, B, O and AB). These antigens are known as oligosaccharide antigens, and widely expressed on the membranes of red cell and tissue cells as well as, in the saliva and body fluid. Seventy student of twenty years old, ), they were diagnosed for the lower wisdom tooth eruption and compared to their ABO group, so they divided in to 4 groups (O,A,B and AB groups) which subdivided in to 2 subgroups, erupted lower wisdom tooth(1) and unerupted lower wisdom tooth(2). Statistic analysis showed the correlation of the number, mean, standard deviation, stander error, lower and upper bounds, minimum and maximum values of data collected for both erupted and unerupted lower wisdom tooth. According to the ANOVA test(table 2) showed high significant difference between all groups (P<0.01) in the mean of case's number. Conclusion: there were no relationship between the blood grouping and the eruption of the lower wisdom tooth

Background: Dental implant is an artificial tooth root fixed into the jaws to hold a replacement tooth or bridge. Functional surface modifications by organic material such as amelogenin coating seem to enhance early peri-implant bone formation. The aim of the study was to study the expression of osteocalcin and collagen I as bone formation markers in amelogenin coated and uncoated implant in interval periods (1,2,4 and 6 weeks). Materials and Methods: Commercially pure Titanium (cpTi) implants, coated with amelogenin protein, were placed in the tibias of 40 New Zealand white rabbits, histological and immunohistochemical tests for detection of expression of osteocalcin and collagen I were performed on all the implants of both control and experimental groups for (1,2,4 and 6 weeks) healing intervals. Results: Histological finding for coated titanium implant with amelogenin illustrated an early bone formation, mineralization and maturation in comparison to control. Immunohistochemical finding showed that positive reaction for osteocalcin and collagen I was expressed by osteoblast cells (OB) at implants coated with amelogenin, indicating that bone formation &maturation was accelerated by adding biological materials as a modification modality of implant surface. Conclusion: The present study concludes that coating of implants with amelogenin showed increment in osseointegration in short interval period.

Background: Dental implant is an artificial tooth root‑fixed into the jaws to hold a replacement tooth or bridge. Functional surface modifications by organic material such as propolis coating seem to enhance early peri‑implant bone formation, enhancing the initial cell attachment. The aim of the study was to study the expression of osteocalcin (OC) and type I collagen (COLL1) as bone formation markers in propolis‑coated and ‑uncoated implant in interval periods (1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks). Materials and Methods: Commercially pure titanium (cpTi) implants, coated with propolis protein, were placed in the tibias of 40 New Zealand white rabbits, histological and immunohistochemical tests for detection of expression of OC and COLL1were performed on all the implants of both control and experimental groups for (1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks) healing intervals. Results: Histological finding for coated titanium implant with propolis illustrated an early bone formation, mineralization, and maturation in comparison to control. Immunohistochemical finding showed that positive reaction for OC and COLL1 was expressed by osteoblast cells at implants coated with propolis, indicating that bone formation and maturation was accelerated by adding biological materials as a modification modality of implant surface. Conclusion: The present study concludes that coating of implants with propolis showed increment in osseointegration in short interval period.

No. Subjects Hours Week 1- Development of the oral cavity: a- Fertilization. b- Basic germ layer: c- Ectoderm. d- Mesoderm. e- Endoderm. f- Neural crest formation, migration and derivative. g- Brachial arches. 1 1 2- Development of face and oral cavity: a- Development of the facial process. b- Development of the tongue. c- Clinical considerations: d- Facial clefts. e- Development cyst. f- Lingual anomalies. g- Labial anomalies. 2 2 &3 3- Development and growth of the teeth: a- Enamel organ. b- Dental papilla. c- Dental sac. 2 4&5 4- Root formation: a- Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath. b- Uni- and multi-rooted tooth. c- Clinical considerations: d- Initiation stages. e- Proliferation. f- Histodifferentiation. g- Morphodifferentiation. h- Apposition. 1 6 5- Enamel: a- Physical and chemical characters. b- Structure elements. 1 7 6- Amelogensis: a- Amelobolast file cycle. b- Formation of the enamel matrix. c- Mineralization of the matrix. 1 8 7- Clinical consideration in enamel. a- Abnormal enamel formation. b- Genetic factor responsible for the enamel formation. c- System and local factors. 1 9 8- Dentine: a- Physical and chemical properties. b- Dentine structure. 1 10 9- Structure and landmarks could be seen in dentine: a- In ground section. b- In decalcified section. c- Different kinds of dentine. 1 11 10- Dentinogenesis; A- Odontoblast life cycle. b- In decalcified section. c- Dentine enervation theories. 2 12 11- 11- Pulp. a- Mature pulp. b- Formation and development of the pulp. c- Structure elements. d - Pulp stones. e- Defense cell neural system. f - Clinical consideration. 2 13 12- Cementum: a- Mature cementum structure and properties. b- Cellular cementum. c- Acellular cementum. d- Cementogenesis. e- Cemento-enamel junction. f- Cemento-dentinal junction. g- Clinical consideration. 2 14 13- Periodontal ligament: a- Development and formation. b- Clinical consideration of the periodontal ligament. c- Physiological changes. 2 14- Oral mucosa membrane: a- Transitional area. c- Kinds of oral mucosa. 1 15- Maxilla and mandible: a- Development of the alveolar process. b- Properties of the alveolar bone. c- Clinical considerations. 3 16- Dentino-gingival junction. Development of the epithelial attachments. 1 17- Salivary gland: a- Classification. b- Structure elements. c- Clinical considerations. 2 18- Eruption of teeth: a- Mechanism of eruption. b- Clinical considerations. 2 19- Shedding of the deciduous teeth: a- Process of shedding. b- Clinical considerations. 1 20- Histochemistry of the tissue: a- Structure and chemical composition of oral tissue. b- Specific histochemical method. 1