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Vitamin A is lipid soluble Vitamin widely used during pregnancy as a food supplement. The present study has been intended to show to evaluate the possible teratogenic and histopathplogical effects of Vitamin A on embryos and some maternal organs in …
Vitamin A is lipid soluble Vitamin widely used during pregnancy as a food supplement. The present study has been intended to show to evaluate the possible teratogenic and histopathplogical effects of Vitamin A on embryos and some maternal organs in albino rats females. The study is conducted in Animal House/Faculty of Sciences/University of Kufa between December 2021 and December 2022, sixty four Albino Rats are used; fifty four females and ten males are fertilized male rats which were used insemination only. After conducting mating and confirming pregnancy by conducting vaginal smear interviews, the females Rats has been randomly divided into six main groups, comprising nine rats for each group. The control negative group has been given orally administration of physiological normal saline NaCl 0.9% and the first normal treated groups have included nine pregnant female rats in each group that have been given orally administration by dose 10ug/kg/day of Vitamin A. The second normal treated groups included nine pregnant female rats in each group was given orally administration by dose 20ug/kg/day of Vitamin A. The control positive group has included nine pregnant female rats, induced anemic by drawing Iml blood from the heart and discard the blood and was given orally administration of physiological normal saline NaCl 0.9. The first anemic treated group: included nine pregnant female rats, induced anemic and was given orally administration by dose 10ug/kg/day of Vitamin A. Second anemic treated group included nine pregnant female rats, induced anemic and was given orally administration by dose 20ug/kg/day of Vitamin A. All the groups mentioned above divided to three sub groups, each group having three pregnant females sacrifice it when a period of implantation to knowledge of implantation locations in 7th day post coitum and three female in 15th day post coitum and three female in 20th day post coitum for knowledge of morphology of embryos and some organs tissues changes for the embryos and maternals. The study has exhibited significant increase (p<0.05) in
final body weight and percentage of weight gain of pregnant rats and significant increase (p<0.05) in relative weights of liver while (non significant difference in anemic groups 20ug/kg/day of vitamin A) and significant increase (p<0.05) in relative weights of kidney while (non significant difference in normal groups 10ug/kg/day of vitamin A) and significant increase (p≤0.05) in relative weights of heart while (non significant difference in anemic groups 10ug/kg/day of vitamin A) and significant increase (p≤0.05) in relative weights of brain and significant increase (p<0.05) in relative weights of lung while (non significant difference in normal and anemic groups 10mg/kg day of vitamin A) while non significant difference in spleen relative weights compared with negative and positive controls groups. The study has exhibited a significant increase (p≤0.05) in concentration of oral administration of Vitamin A 10 and 20 g/kg/day for all treated groups compared with negative and positive control groups. The study has revered a significant increase (p<0.05) in the liver enzymes levels ALT, AST and ALP (IU/L) and urea and creatinine (mg/dl) while (non significant difference in anemic groups 10ug/kg/day of vitamin A).and also a significant increase in Hb (gm/dL) due to oral administration of Vitamin A 10 and 20 ug/kg/day for all the treated groups compared with negative and positive control groups. The uterus of pregnant rats (7, 15 and 20 th dpc) in both treated groups of 10 and 20ug/kg/day of Vitamin A showed deformations in embryos such as little numbers of embryos with pale form, shortness in the upper extremities, white colors and small sizes of embryos and appeared in some treated groups (incomplete growth) and also tail twisting in all treated groups compared negative and positive control groups.
The results of histological sections of pregnant rats 7th dpc in treated groups 10 and 20 g/kg/day by Vitamin A showed different to positive and negative control groups, as it suffered from modifications in stromal cells in endometrium that converted to decidual tissue compared to control groups.
The result of the histological sections of the fetal kidney treated with 10 mg/kg/day dose of Vitamin A, have shown deformation of glomerulus while in dose 20g/kg/day of Vitamin A showed severely effects compared to control groups. The
result of the histological sections of the fetal liver treated with 10 g/kg/day dose of Vitamin A, have shown congestion while in dose 20ug/kg/day of Vitamin A showed severely effects compared to control groups. The result of the histological sections in normal and anemic maternal liver of the pregnant rats treated with 10 4g/kg/day dose of Vitamin A, have shown hepatocytes injury while in dose
20g/kg/day of Vitamin A showed severely effects compared to control groups. The result of the histological sections in normal and anemic maternal kidneys of pregnant rats treated with 10 g/kg/day dose of Vitamin A, have shown deformation of glomerulus, proximal convoluted tubule injury while in dose 20ug/kg/day of Vitamin A showed severely affected, they are appeared deformation of glomerulus and proximal convoluted tubule injury compared to control groups. The result of the histological sections in normal and anemic maternal spleen of pregnant rats treated with 10 g/kg/day dose of Vitamin A, have shown normal white pulp and red pulp while in dose 20ug/kg/day of Vitamin A showed enlargement of red pulp compared to control groups. The result of the histological sections in normal and anemic maternal lungs of pregnant rats treated with 10 g/kg/day dose of Vitamin A, have shown congestion in blood vessels while in dose 20g/kg/day of Vitamin A showed extreme effects compared to control groups. The result of the immunohistochemical study on the normal and anemic maternal liver and kidneys that are treated by dose 10ug/kg/day of Vitamin A in 7th, 15 th and 20 th dpc showed, in increased numbers of Nrf2 positive cells, while in dose 20ug/kg/day of Vitamin A showed severely Nrf2 positive cells compared to control groups.
In conclusion, Vitamin A has caused teratogenic, physiological, histopathological and immunohistochemical effects in dose 10 and 20ug/kg/day in 7th, 15 th and 20 (dpc) in embryos and some maternal organs.
