علي كاظم حسين العطوي

This study completed in Al-Najaf territory which lies a southwest piece of Iraq. It is spoken to by three regions are Al-Kufa region focus that incorporates (Al-Abbassiya sub region, and Al-Huriya sub region), Al-Manathera region focus that incorporates (Al-Heera sub locale, Al-Mishkahab sub area, and Al-Qadisiya sub-region) and Al-Haydria sub-region that is situated inside Al-Najaf region focus. The advanced height model (DEM) was utilized to draw the waste example of the contemplated region by utilizing the Hydrology Tools in ArcGIS. In Al-Qadisiya sub district, six order stream formed in the south-east part. A pure point has been created to delineate stream network and watershed area of 1,375 km2.

Our study achieved in AL-Najaf province within kufa district which are consist of stream network, in dry season (2016), there are thirteen samples collected and six physicochemical parameter analyzed in laboratory of environment in surface water and agriculture directorate in AL-Najaf Province. Six physicochemical parameter like Ec (mmho/cm), TDS (mg/liter), Ca+ 2 (mg/liter), Cl-(mg/liter), So4-2 (mg/liter), and PH. For irrigation purpose Standards Iraq were used and inverse distance waited (IDW) interpolation has been used to make of six parameters spatial distribution map above. Raster calculator of Arc map GIS 10.2 software presented water quality index for surface water samples ranged between 53.5092-87.5235

In this study, Al-Manathera district was monitored and mapped using Landsat-8 OLI imagery from the years 2013 to 2019 as well as evaluated land use and land cover changes in the district. Maximum likehood technology was achieved to create the signature class of significant LULC category, barren land, agriculture land, orchards, water bodies and built-up area. After certifying suitable accuracy value for each classified image, a detail classification change detection analysis was performed. Image differencing statistical change detection technology, change dynamics analysis was also applied to assess the statistics of two images. According to remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) techniques, the study was a try for monitoring the change in LULC patterns of Al-Manathera for the period 2013 to 2019. This study showed that agricultural land, built-up area, barren land and water bodies decreased by-7.91,-0.20-1.76 and-0.08%, respectively, while orchards increased by 9.95%

Remote sensing technology is the widely applied technology used for land use/land cover change detection analysis. In this study, two Landsat 8 OLI imagery (2013-2019) have been used to extract change detection analysis with five classes (ie: residential buildings, water bodies, orchards, agriculture lands and bare lands) achieved by ERDAS imagery 2015. Supervised classification maximum likelihood classifier method was utilized to prepare land use land cover maps of the study area. The accuracy of the classified LULC map was assessed using A Google earth linked with ERDAS imagery. Results shows, agriculture lands, water bodies and orchards have increased by 5.43%, 0.22% and 1.56% while residential buildings and bare lands have decreased by-3.56% and-3.57% respectively.

This study carried out in AL-Najaf province within Al-Manathera district that contents stream network, in dry season (2018), twenty samples collected and six physicochemical parameter analyzed for surface water in laboratory of environment and agriculture directorate in AL-Najaf Province.Six physicochemical parameter like Ec (mmho/cm), TDS(mg/liter), Ca+2(mg/liter), Cl−(mg/liter), So4−2(mg/liter), and PH.Standards Iraq for irrigation purpose were used and inverse distance waited(IDW) interpolation has been utilized to create of six parameters spatial distribution map above.Raster calculator of Arc map GIS 10.2 software presented water quality index for surface water samples ranged between 54.2912- 79.9387.

Applying this work in the province of Najaf, within the alluvial plain that has been chosen in the district of Kufa and its aspects such as AL-Abbassiya sub district, and AL- Huriya sub district which containing the irrigation and drainage networks. The implementation of the work is applied in two stages, the first phase represented as irrigation networks and its facilities, while the second phase as studying drainage networks. This study is carried out to know the problems of irrigation and drainage networks, the amount of water that isleaking from these projects and the impact on the area planted and the effect on the amount of production. Also to checkall regulators and pumps performance and which is idle or needs repairs. (2) (PDF) Assessment of the Irrigation and Drainage Networks in AL-Kufa District Using GIS. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330741032_Assessment_of_the_Irrigation_and_Drainage_Networks_in_AL-Kufa_District_Using_GIS [accessed Mar 08 2021].

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