مختصر البحث:
ABSTRACT
Background: Over the past two decades, antibiotic resistance has increased significantly in Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) and
in many cases has been linked with increased mortality and health-care costs. The multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacter…
ABSTRACT
Background: Over the past two decades, antibiotic resistance has increased significantly in Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) and
in many cases has been linked with increased mortality and health-care costs. The multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria such
as Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) and various Enterobacteriaceae
including Klebsiella, and Escherichia coli can cause severe and often deadly infections those are frequently reported in the
hospitals and clinics. This study aimed to investigate the resistance patterns of GNB commonly encountered in our hospital as
well as the outcome of the infection caused by these bacterial agents. Materials and Methods: The samples were processed
from a culture and sensitivity test. The isolates were identified primarily by conventional method and then confirmed by Vitek
2 compact system, also antimicrobial sensitivity test was performed using the Vitek 2 compact system. Results: A total of 293
samples were collected from adult patients admitted to AL-Sader Medical City, Najaf, Iraq, from July 1, 2019, to January 7,
2020. The Gram-negative isolates were collected from clinical samples that included urine, wound swab, ear swab, sputum,
and pus. Urine specimens accounted for a majority 163 (55.64%) of the clinical samples which yielded GNB, followed by
wound swab 75(25.59%), ear swab 29 (9.89%), sputum 22 (7.51%), and pus 4 (1.37%). E. coli was the predominated bacteria
150 (51.19%) followed by P. aeruginosa 59 (20.13%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae 50 (17.06%). The remaining 34 (11.59%)
of isolates included Proteus mirabilis 15 (5.11%), A. baumannii 10 (3.41%), and Enterobacter spp. 9 (3.07%). E. coli was
leading microorganism isolated from pus 4 (100%) and urine 119 (73.0%); P. aeruginosa was dominant bacteria isolated
from ear swab 18 (62.06%) and wound swab 26 (34.66%); and Klebsiella pneumoniae was common microorganism isolated
from sputum 9 (40.90%). GNB were showed variable resistant to different types of antibiotics, but E. coli and K. pneumoniae
were exhibited high resistance to ceftazidime (CAZ) 119 (58.62%) and 43 (21.18%); cefepime (FEP) 89 (60.13%) and 30
(20.27%); and ceftriaxone (CRO) 74 (62.18%) and 25 (21.00%), respectively. All members of GNB were shown high resistant
to CAZ 203 (19.80%), FEP 148 (14.44%), and CRO 119 (11.61%) compared with other types of antibiotics. Out of 293 GNB,
119 (40.61%) isolated were exhibited MDR microorganisms (MDROs). Conclusions: We can conclude from our study that
most GNB were isolated from urine samples. E. coli was the predominated bacteria followed by P. aeruginosa. GNB were
showed variable resistance to a different type of antibiotics, but all members of GNB were shown high resistance to CAZ
203 (19.80%), FEP 148 (14.44%), and CRO 119 (11.61%). The isolates were exhibit multi-drug resistant microorganisms.
