دينا حسين هاتف المنصوري

Antibiotic resistance has developed and spread due to the extensive, random, and irregular use of antibiotics. This rising interest in using natural materials as possible treatments for various diseases is due to their active ingredients. This research aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Chlorella Vulgaris (C. Vulgaris) and Spirulina platensis (S. platensis) algae as a possible alternative to synthetic antibiotics to determine their efficacy against two types of pathogenic bacteria, Escherichia coli and Proteus Vulgaris

bstract: The chemical insecticides have a negative impact on the environmental system and accumulation in living organism. That led researchers to found an environmental friendly methods. Thus this study included a series of laboratory experiments in ecological department, collage of science, Kufa university in 2021 to determine the lower concentration of the pesticide methomel, Which can give the highest killing rate against the adults stage Tribolium castaneum insects and that when mixed with a rate (1:1) with Basil and Harmal oils, in addition to studying the oils repellent or attractive effect against adults insect, the results showed that 0.5 ml/l was give highest percent of killing were 86.67% , while the lowest rate was 0.125 ml / l, which amounted to 65.83%. The mixing concentration 0.25 ml / l with, harmal and basil oil. The previous results showed the possibility of using Basil and Harmal oils to increase killing rate against the adults of ( Tribolium castaneum). This reduces the use of chemical insecticides and increases its effectiveness, which has a positive environmental impact.

نفذت التجربة في مختبر امراض النبات / كلية الزراعة / جامعة الكوفة بتاريخ 22/3/2009م وكان الهدف من الدراسة هو دراسة تاثير الفطر A.niger في السيطرة على الفطريات المعزولة من نبات الطماطة والفطر Rhizoctonia solani واتضح من خلال الدراسة انه تم عزل 8 انواع من الفطريات المرافقة لنبات الطماطة وكان اكثر الفطريات ترددا هو الفطرspp. Penicillum اذ بلغت نسبة 20.75% في حين كان اقل الفطريات الفطر Rhizopus اذ بلغت نسبته 5.55% وكذلك اظهرت الدراسة ان الفطر Fusarium oxysporum|f.sp.lycopersci وRhizoctonia solani اكثر الفطريات امراضية لنبات الطماطة اذ ادى الى خفض نسبة الانبات الى 54.66 و52% على التوالي قياسا في معاملة السيطرة البالغة 82.66% وكذلك اثر في مؤثرات النمو الاخرى من موت بادرات قبل وبعد البزوغ وكذلك اتضح من خلال الدراسة ان راشح الفطر A.niger قد ثبط النمو الشعاعي للفطرين المرضيين على الوسط الزرعي اذ بلغ معدل النمو الشعاعي للفطرين F.oxysporum وR.solani 5.8 و7.2 سم على التوالي قياسا في معاملة السيطرة البالغة 7.8 و8.7 سم على التوالي .كما اظهرت الدراسة ان راشح الفطر A.niger القدرة على زيادة النسبة المئوية لانبات بذور الطماطة تحت تاثير الفطريبن الممرضين F.oxysporum وR.solani اذ بلغت نسبة الانيات 82.12 و79.31% على التوالي قياسا في معاملة السيطرة البالغة 64.33 و62.17 % على التوالي وكذلك ادى الى تقليل اعداد البذور المتعفنة وموت البادرات قبل وبعد البزوغ قياسا في معاملة السيطرة .

AbstractThis study was conducted to isolate the fungi associated with house fly ( Musca domestica ). The results revealed that the biomass with exudates of the E.quadrilina. and D.stemonits were more attractive than the others to house fly with number rate 35.8,33.8 insect respectively compared with 0.3 insect by A.prarasiticus , The study showed that the percentage of mortality of the adults house fly reached to 90% when spraied with fungal filterate of A.niger compared with 16.73% when spraied with fungus filterate of A.penicilloides after 96 h from the treatment. The adult mortality of house fly by feeding baits containing A.terreus I filterate was (53.5%) compared with 22.22% by each E. .quadrilina and A. alliaceus fungi after 10 h from the treatment .The percentage of the third instar larval mortality were 66.81 ,64.91% when were treated with fungal filterate of A.terreus I and A.sydowii I respectively compared with 30.55% in P.griceofulvum treatment. The concentration 100% of A.terreus I filterate gave the highest percent of mortality 53.31% while the 25% concentration was 37.82% after 10 h from the treatment .In addition to the percentage of mortality was increased to 90% after 20 h of them concentrations .