بنان عادل محمدامين الاعرجي

Aim: Validate the association RAD18 Arg302Gln (rs373572) and OGG1 Ser326Cys (rs1052133) - with Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) susceptibility and histopatho- logical characterization. Materials and Methods: present study compromised of 37 patients with RCC and control group consisted of 28 healthy apparently individuals. A case control study was conducted using Hand E staining and allele-specific PCR for genes genotyping. Results: The cohort comprised cases with subtypes clear cell, chromophobe, and variant RCC. A significant link was detected between OGG1 rs1052133 and RCC risk (p = 0.006), with the GG genotype being strongly linked to disease p=0.005. Haplotype demonstrated a significant relations of the GC with RCC (p=0.013). LD test revealed a significant association between RAD18 and OGG1 loci (χ² = 9.214, p = 0.027), with r- value of 0 in cases and 0.14 in controls. Histopathological correlations revealed that OGG1 rs1052133 genotypes demonstrated a highly significant association with RCC p<0.001. RAD18 rs373572 genotypes were significantly closed link with tumor stage p=0.001. TNM classification revealed a significant relationship with RAD18 genotypes p=0.017. Conclusions: A significant relationship between OGG1 rs1052133 and both RCC susceptibility and cancer histological subtype, proposed a potential role in the pathogenesis of disease. RAD18 rs373572 showed relevance to tumor stage and TNM classification, indicating a possible impact in disease progression rather than initiation.

ABSTRACT Background: Soft tissue refers to the non-epithelial extra skeletal tissue of the body, excluding the reticuloendothelial system, glial tissue, and some supporting tissue of different parenchymal organs. It consists of voluntary muscles, fibrous tissue, and fat, with the vessels serving these tissues. Also, the peripheral nervous system included with them because nerve tumors founded as masses of soft tissue with similar challenges in differentiating and treatment. Objective: Malignant soft tissue sarcomas (MSTS) are rare and heterogeneous group of mesenchymal tumors accounting for more than 1% of adult malignancies. Their low prevalence and histological heterogeneity make their diagnosis a challenging task. This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed cases with confirmed STS diagnosis, dating back to January 2011 to September 2024. Method: The analyzed variables include: sarcoma subtype, grade, sex distribution, year of diagnosis and anatomical site. Assessments of associations and significance levels were assessed using standard statistical analyses. Results: There were 430 reported cases, male were 239 (55.6%) and 191 (44.4%) were females. The most frequent subtypes were liposarcoma (22.8%), rhabdomyosarcoma (12.6%), and leiomyosarcoma (11.9%). There was a high male preponderance (p = 0.035). There were no significant changes in terms of the year-on-year occurrence of sarcomas (p = 0.948). On grade distribution, the tumors were Grade I in magnitude of 50.9%, Grade II, and Grade III in 32.1 and 17.0, respectively, with statistically significant (p < 0.001). The most prevalent location of the lower limbs (27.2%), the abdomen (16.7%), and pelvis (16.1%) represented a statistically significant (p = 0.0001). Conclusion: The incidence of MSTS was observed to be higher in men. This male dominance could be associated with occupational exposure to environmental mutagens; however, this remains a hypothesis that warrants further investigation in future studies although the incidence appeared stable with time and this work offers insightful descriptive statistics, prospective studies can build on the outcomes of survival and other factors.

ABSTRACT Background: One of the main causes of cancer related deaths in the whole world is lung cancer. Small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) is one of its most aggressive subtypes that grows and metastasizes fast and has a low outcome. Generally, SCLC originates in neuroendocrine cells of bronchial epithelium and is well related to smoking. Objective: This research study offers significant information on regional epidemiology and how multidisciplinary approach plays an important role in the accurate diagnosis and treatment of SCLC. Methods: The retrospective cross-sectional study was analyzed based on 75 cases of SCLC detected by means of CT-guided Tru-Cut biopsy in the January 2021-October 2023 sample. The clinical data was assessed, histopathological features, and immunohistochemical phenotypes (TTF1, synaptophysin, chromogranin A, and CD56). Chi-square test to assess associations between variables. Results: Among 460 patients with lung cancer, we had 75 (16.3%) cases of SCLC. Most of the patients (69.3%) were men with a 2.26:1 male to female ratio, and (98.1%) of male were smokers. The majority of cases were accessed in patients equal or older than 50 years old with primary lung tumors in (90.7%). Central lesions were mostly solitary and localised to the right lung. Most frequent histologically (50.7%) was round cell morphology and intensive necrosis was present in (73.3%). Suspicious cases were confirmed immunohistochemically in 24 (32%) of the cases. Conclusion: SCLC continues to be a clinical challenge that is extremely aggressive and is much more likely to be found at a late stage of diagnosis. Mostly present in the group of the older smoking men, Effective management of the patients requires timely diagnosis with high index of suspicion both clinically and radiologically, based on the histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry Keywords: Lung cancer, Immunohistochemical, SCLC, Histopathology

Abstract—Background: Ovarian cancer is the deadliest type of gynecologic malignancy. While it ranks third after cervical and uterine cancers, its prognosis is the gloomiest. Aim: To assess the relationship between the expression of HER2/neu marker in ovarian cancer subtypes and its implications for the prognosis of ovarian cancer. Methods: a cross-sectional study involving a total of 50 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded samples of surface epithelium ovarian cancer were collected with associated patients clinicopathological information including age, laterality, size, types, grades. HER2/neu protein was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and scored using a semiquantitative method. Results: Patients age ranged between 25 to 74 years, with a mean of 50.2 (± 4.8) years. 11.4% of serous cases, 16.6% of mucinous cases, 13.5% of unilateral cases, 12.5% of tumors greater than or equal to 10 centimeters, and 14.8% of cases with metastasis exhibited HER2/NEU overexpression. Nonetheless, no statistical significance was found in these observations. HER2/neu expression was absent in all endometroid carcinomas. Conclusions: Although HER2 expression is comparatively higher in ovarian mucinous and serous carcinomas, its impact on epithelial ovarian malignancies may not be substantial when all histological subtypes and clinicopathological variables are considered.

Abstract - Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy with a high mortality in females worldwide. Tumor suppressor genes had significant role to maintain genome integrity and the cell cycle. In particular PTEN is a candidate tumor suppressor gene, It has a negative regulator of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway which has a major role in carcinogenesis and dysregulation of it occurs repeatedly in breast cancer. Aim: this article aimed to appraise the associations between PTEN expression in patient had breast cancer with clinic pathological parameters including: age, histological types, and status of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER-2/nue receptor, to check the impact of its expression on clinical outcome. Materials and methods: in this case-control study, formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue from sixty patients with breast carcinoma and twenty patients without cancer (as control groups). Labeled Streptavidin -Biotin (LSAB+) method used to detect PTEN protein expression, HER2/neu, ER and PR receptors by immunohistochemical assay, and then we correlate PTEN expression with each biomarkers and clinic pathological characteristics. Results: 29/60 (45.3%) of cases decreased PTEN expression while its expression retained in 31/60 (51%) of cases. Loss of expression significantly associated: with lymph node metastasis ( p-value=0.0008 ), high grade (p< 0.05 ) , high stage (p-value=0.0001 ) and with triple negative breast cancer (p-value=0.03) . However, loss of PTEN protein expression did not correlate with age, histological types, estrogen, progesterone and HER-2 receptors status. Conclusion: PTEN loss can predict aggressive behavior and worse outcome in patients had breast cancer. Keywords: PTEN protein expression, immunohistochemistry, breast cancer.

Background: Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder triggered by the ingestion of wheat gluten and related proteins of rye and barley in genetically susceptible individuals. Its diagnosis is based on clinical manifestations, endoscopic finding serological markers and histopathology Aims: to correlate the degree of mucosal damage according to modified Marsh grading system histopathological with clinical finding, endoscopy and serology. Methods: in this cross sectional study, one hundred patients included, for each one upper GIT endoscopy, microscopic examination of biopsy specimens from duodenum, serum anti tissue transglutaminase antibodies level were analyzed. Results: 83% of patient have tipical clinical feature of celiac disease but with accuracy (54.7%).The upper intestinal endoscopy reveal (53 %) of cases had features of celiac disease, with accuracy of (84.1 %) more than clinical finding in the diagnosis .A significant correlation (p value < 0.001) obtained between serum level of anti tTG antibody and histopathology with sensitivity of (95.7%) and specificity of (91.8%). In addition there is positive linear correlation between these two parameters (r=+0.942). Conclusion: Clinical presentations lack specificity. Endoscopy has relatively good sensitivity and specificity. Serum level of anti-tTG antibody have high sensitivity and specificity therefore, it is reliable mean for prediction and diagnosis of celiac disease. Keywords: Celiac disease, Modified marsh grading system, anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody