Basheir Jawad Kadhim Alshammari

In this study, some types of composites consisting of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and spinel oxide (Co, Ni)3O4 were synthesized by simple evaporation method. These composites were characterized by UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, X-rays diffraction(XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and specific surface area(SBET). The photocatalytic activity of the prepared composites was investigated by the following removal of Bismarck brown G (BBG) dye from its aqueous solutions. The obtained results showed that using MWCNTs in combination with spinel oxide to produced composites (spinel/MWCNTs) which succeeded in increasing the activity of spinel oxide and exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than spinel oxide alone. Also it was found that, multiwalled carbon nanotubes were successful in increasing the adsorption and improving the activity of photocatalytic degradation of Bismarck brown G dye(BBG). The obtained results showed that spinel/MWCNTs was more active in dye removal in comparison with each of spinel oxide and MWCNTs alone under the same reaction conditions. Also band gap energies for the prepared composites showed lower values in comparison with neat spinel. This point represents a promising observation as these composites can be excited using a lower energy radiation sources.

In this work, Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were used in the adaptive removal of Bismarck Brown G (BBG) dye from an aqueous solution. Crystal structure of the materials was investigated using X-rays diffraction XRD, specific surface area (BET) and UV–Vis diffuse reflectance. The effects of contact time, MWCNT dosage, pH and temperature on adsorption of BBG dye by MWCNTs were investigated. The adsorption study was analyzed kinetically, and the results revealed that the adsorption followed pseudo-second order kinetics with good correlation coefficients. The equilibrium adsorption data was analyzed using two common adsorption models: Langmuir and Freundlich.

This work involves synthesis of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) from ambient raw Iraqi kentardate palm seeds (IKDPS) using chemical vapor deposition method (CVD). The synthesized CNTs were characterized using different analytical and instrumental methods to identify these produced CNTs. These methods including powdered X-rays diffraction(PXRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron spectroscopy (SEM), transmission electron spectroscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-rays (EDX), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and UV-Vis reflectance spectroscopy. Crystal size of the synthesized CNTs was estimated using PXRD. Raman spectroscopy was used to investigate the growth of CNTs. Morphology and dimensions of CNTs were investigated using both TEM and SEM. The ratio of elemental composition of CNTs samples was investigated via using EDX.TGA was used to determine the purity and thermal behavior of the produced CNTs. Energy band gab of the produced materials was measuredusing UV-Vis reflectance spectroscopy. Functional groups of the CNTs surface were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR).

This study is concerned with the adsorption isotherms of Lishman,s and Bismarck brown-Y dye by using Ultra-Violet-Visible spectrophotometer technique , the results showed that the dyes terms of Lishman,s and Bismarck brown-Y were (S4) according to (Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms Giles classification.Temperature has been investigated at( 298-328 k° ), the results obtained that the adsorption of Lishman,s dye , decrease with increase of temperature, while the Bismarck brown-Y increased. The effect of the acid function was also studied , the results obtained were follows according to the sequence : In the Lishman,s PH :3>10 > 7 The Bismarck brown-y: PH 7>3 >10

The adsorption process of malachite Green and Nile blue from aqueous solution onto bentonite was studied. The results showed that the adsorption capacity of bentonite for the two dyes was 9.88 and 8.82 mg/g respectively. The figure of the adsorption isotherms indicated L4 type isotherms according to the Giles classification. The experimental adsorption results showed good correlation with the Langmuir and Ferundlich models. Experimental data indicated that the adsorption capacity of bentonite for the Malachite-Green dye was higher in basic rather than in acidic solution, whereas the Nile-blue was higher in neutral rather than in acidic solution, this was attributed to aggregation of two dyes in solution. Thermodynamic studies indicated that the adsorption of Malachite-Green onto bentonite was an exothermic process, while the adsorption of Nile-blue onto bentonite was an endothermic process. The adsorption enthalpy (∆H) for Malachite-Green and Nile-blue were calculated at-3.51 and +5.03 kJ/mole, respectively.

This study is concerned with the adsorption isotherms of Lishman,s and Bismarck brown-Y dye by using Ultra-Violet-Visible spectrophotometer technique , the results showed that the dyes terms of Lishman,s and Bismarck brown-Y were (S4) according to (Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms Giles classification.Temperature has been investigated at( 298-328 k° ), the results obtained that the adsorption of Lishman,s dye , decrease with increase of temperature, while the Bismarck brown-Y increased. The effect of the acid function was also studied , the results obtained were follows according to the sequence : In the Lishman,s PH :3>10 > 7 The Bismarck brown-y: PH 7>3 >10