أسيل أحمد عبد الكاتب

Abstract. The available watersheds in the vast lands need extraction and determination in order to benefit from them and estimate the quantities of water supplied by these watersheds. The satellite image is uploaded to the NI-38-14 Karbala-Al-Najaf plateau from the USGU website in the form of a Digital Elevation Model (DEM). GIS technology is used to calculate the morphometric properties and output them in the form of tables and cartographic models. The water networks of the geographical plateau NI-38-14 located between the administrative borders of the provinces of Al-Najaf and Karbala in Iraq are devised by extracting a topographic map of the area and calculating the areas of the watersheds and their perimeters. The topographic map showed great variations in the level of the earth's surface, as the heights of the area ranged between 20m and 120m. The number of watersheds extracted in the Karbala-Al-Najaf plateau is 150 watersheds with different areas, the large area is about 4882 km2 , while the small area is about 1 km2 , and between those areas there are various areas. The largest recorded watershed circumference reached 580km in area (4882 km2 ), while the lowest recorded perimeter is 8km for the area (1 km2 ).

Abstract. The satellites and the data that is provided by are an effective way to distinguish the characteristics of agricultural crops, crops density, and the changes that affect the vegetation cover. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) has been widely used in conducting a quantitative assessment of plants that cover the surface of the earth, as it revealed many problems facing the agricultural environment, especially those located in arid or semiarid areas. This study dealt with analyzing the vegetation cover of the plateau NH-38-2 located in Al-Najaf, Iraq by finding the NDVI using remote sensing technology and Geological Information System (GIS), in addition to finding its value for the study area. The study showed that the vegetation cover is largely non-existent and ranges between (0-1) as the region suffers from desertification, which requires the relevant authorities to rectify the matter by developing projects that will increase the vegetation cover as it helps to improve the environment. In addition, the study showed that there is an area that does not exceed 110 km2 that contains vegetation, which is a very small area compared to the total area under study, which is 15225 km2 .

The thin-walled plate and foam of low material is components of sandwich panels, one of the attractive engineering structures mixed between different two materials to accomplish high ultimate strength integrated with light weight structures. Usually, the sandwich panels composed of two thin steel faces with ultra-strength are supported and separated between them by foam core. This paper deals with presently design expression of thin-walled steel faces supported by foam simulated using finite element analysis (FEA). Numerous waves of FE models introduced to explore and analyze the adequacy of present approach for thin-walled design. Also, investigation of FE simulation model containing geometry, dimensions, loading system and supporting pattern are presented. The FEA model provides a good acceptance with experimental results. However, for sandwich plate element with low (b/t) ratios, the formulae of design appeared safety solution, while for high (b/t) ratios (slenderness plate) becomes over estimated. Finally, formula of designing sandwich plate with local buckling is proposed in unification form.

In this research, “Slide” program was used to analyze seepage flow under the hydraulic structure through isotropic and anisotropic soils and its effect on structures with cut-off at downstream, at upstream, and at both of them. The distribution curves of uplift pressure along the floor had been reached at downstream for different degrees of anisotropy from the horizontal axis. The effects of anisotropy on uplift pressure . The analysis process depends on a finite element method. Eight-noded quadratic elements to represent the porous media. The maximum values of uplift pressure under the structure with cut-off at downstream are seen at 180˚, and 0˚ inclination angles and the minimum values are seen at 90˚ inclination angle, the maximum values of uplift pressure under the structure with cut-off at upstream are at 90˚ inclination angle and the minimum values are at 180˚, and 0˚ angles, and the maximum values of uplift pressure under the structure with cut-off at upstream and downstream are at 90˚ inclination angle and the minimum values are at 180˚, and 0˚ inclination angles but the relationship is reversed after x=0.5. The quantity of seepage in downstream side of the structure with a cut-off at downstream was 0.546 m3 /day, at upstream was 0.396 m3 /day, and at both of them was 0.501 m3 /day. The quantity of seepage for anisotropic soils was calculated for all cases.

Recycling and re-use building and demolishing wastes has represented an important challenge for civil and environmental engineers. They have worked hard to find new solutions to recycle and re-use these inorganic and incombustible wastes. This research concerns on studying the mechanical properties of waste aggregate concrete before and after modifying it with different rates of non-slip sand and constant rate of micro steel fibers for the sake of discovering environmentally friendly, strongly enough, and safely appropriate concrete to use it in different structures and buildings. The results clarified that the compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths of waste aggregate concrete were less than these values on normal concrete. These properties began to improve increasingly when adding different rates of non-slip sand until getting to the final increment rates (compressive 44%, tensile 85%, and flexural 113%). After micro steel fibers had been added to the mixture, the properties of this concrete amended more to make the final increments of compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths equal (48, 128, and 192)% respectively. The analysis of the final outcomes of this research have suggested use the waste aggregate concrete, which contains 20% of non-slip sand and 1% of micro steel fibers.